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THE 10 GREAT SMALL BUSINESS INDUSTRIES TO START IN 2020

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A manufacturer is a person or company that produces finished goods from raw materials by using various tools, equipment, and processes, and then sells the goods to consumers, wholesalers, distributors, retailers, or to other manufacturers for the production of more complex goods. Manufacturers are considered a significant part of the economy. The typical manufacturer was a single skilled artisan with assistants. Each artisan kept the secrets of the production and transferred the knowledge only to apprentices. The Industrial Revolution was the introduction of new technologies that enabled the mechanization of production, which increased the volume of the goods produced.

Technological advancements enable the mechanization of production processes, as well as improve overall efficiency and productivity. If you are thinking of small business ideas there are many tools and processes to help you get started. Industries are popular for successful business owners across the nation. No matter what type of business you start in 2020, there are so many growing and in-demand industries to choose from. Get started today by learning how much small business financing you’re qualified for, it’s probably more than you think. These industries were the most popular in the year 2020 Small Business Trends survey. Top 10 Small Business Industries to Start in 2020.

1.The Business Services Industry

The Business Service Industry is not a sector commonly recognized by the general public or, for that matter, much of the business community itself. The definition of a “Business Service” can be summarized as a service delivered to a business directly by another business. Postal, printing and PC servicing, as well as office product sales, are all included in the wide-reaching industry of business services. These establishments that support commerce are all staying busy. However spiring business owners interested in opening a business services-based company should potentially focus on providing online-based services. Worldwide demand in the sector is driven by new business growth and job growth. Convenience-craving consumers are always looking for a way to do things better, faster and cheaper.

2.The Food and Restaurant Industry

Restaurants and other food-service providers are so widespread that half of all adults have worked in food service in one way or another at some point in their lives. The food service industry encompasses any establishment that serves food to people outside their home. This includes restaurants, carryout operations, cafeterias, university dining halls, catering and vending companies, hotels and inns, and rehab and retirement centers. Making home-cooked meals isn’t an option for everyone. Fortunately, in today’s strong economy, more people are saving time by turning to delivery services, fast-casual dining and full service restaurants, making it a great time to break into the food and restaurant industry.

According to a recent study , the key to finding and sustaining success as a restaurant owner is establishing customer loyalty. Whether your plan is to open a food truck, full-service dining or fast food chain, you can find success just about anywhere. Most food produced for the food industry comes from commodity crops using conventional agricultural practices. Agriculture is the process of producing food, feeding products, fiber and other desired products by the cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals. If you service quality food and get creative with attracting repeat customers.

  1. The General Retail Industry

If you’re interested in selling a good or product in a retail setting, there’s a market for it. Industry as selling a diverse range of products. Fortunately, the general retail industry is another great example of businesses that can thrive in both brick-and-mortar and ecommerce business models. The key to finding success is understanding how people shop for your product. For example, consumers are more likely to want to physically see items like furniture, clothes and cosmetics before purchasing them.
Employers operating in the retail industry must ensure they are paying all casual employees the correct rates, including additional penalties. On 24 November 2020, the Full Bench of the Fair Work Commission handed down their decision on junior rates in the General Retail Industry Award 2020 as part of the 4-yearly Review of Modern Awards.

  1. The Health, Beauty and Fitness Industry

The Health and Wellness industry encompasses all activities which promote physical and mental wellbeing: from yoga to healthy eating, personal care and beauty, nutrition and weight-loss, meditation, spa retreats and workplace wellness. The growing prevalence of chronic lifestyle diseases across the globe is one of the key factors driving the growth of the market. Another niche that’s not just thriving in our strong economy, but growing without much ecommerce competition, is the health, beauty and fitness industry. From gym and fitness franchises to day spas, med spas and nutrition counselling, the options here are endless. No matter which industry specialty you choose, your focus should be on both specialization and accessibility. For example, more gyms are finding success offering boutique workouts and the same goes for spas with more narrowed product lines like Botox or organic only products. Today eating clean means eating a diet made of gluten-free, dairy-free, non-refined carbs, sugar-free food. The global health and wellness market is currently witnessing a healthy growth.

  1. The Automotive Repair Industry

Auto repair shops that want to ensure they will survive these disruptive trends and thrive in 2021 and going forward must begin to take steps now to prepare their shops and their staff for a future that will be dramatically different because it will be driven by new and transformative trends. If you’re considering an auto repair or maintenance shop for your next small business, you may be on the fast track to success. Several factors are contributing to this economy-proof industry’s growth. Cars are now built better and living longer, which means rather than buying a new car, people are taking their cars in for regular maintenance; this includes major body and paint services which accounts for about half of the industry’s market share.

Other popular services in this industry include oil and lubrication, transmission work and mechanical repair. Because of the brick-and-mortar nature of these businesses, start-up costs in the auto repair industry can run higher than average, so take the time to understand your financing options. The global automotive repair and maintenance services industry is forecast to grow, according to Future Market Insights, driven by increasing vehicle production and growing demand from emerging markets. Today’s consumers are keeping their vehicles longer and are more aware of the importance of preventive maintenance and scheduled servicing to maximize the lifetime value of their vehicles.

  1. The In-Home Care Industry

Home care can be the key to achieving the highest quality of life possible. It can ease management of an ongoing medical condition; it can help avoid unnecessary hospitalization; it can aid with recovery after an illness, injury, or hospital stay all through care given in the comfort and familiarity of home. The aging baby boomer generation is experiencing growing demand for in-home services. In fact, home senior care franchises to see 10.5 percent annual growth between now and 2022. With a wide range of needs, the in-home care industry includes everything from traditional nursing to physical therapy, home hospice, personal services and more. With a growing consumer base and the low likelihood of private health insurance disappearing anytime soon, it’s a hot time to become a business owner in this high-demand industry. When you look at the number of jobs that exist and how many are expected to be created, it is clear that there is a lot of growth taking place within the industry. Many people are realizing that home care is a much more affordable route to providing people with the assistance they need.

  1. The Technology Industry

The technology sector is often one of the most attractive growth investments in an economy. From social networking sites, E-libraries and phone repair shops, you can apply your specialty whether it is marketing, sales or operations to a tech-based gig that’s sure to thrive in today’s digital world. Deloitte reports that while there is plenty of room for growth in the high-tech sector, expanding companies should focus on cyber security as well as regulatory considerations sound advice for any business in today’s online world.

The technology sector offers a wide arrange of products and services for both customers and other businesses. Consumer goods like personal computers, mobile devices, wearable technology, home appliances, televisions, and so on are continually being improved and sold to consumers with new features. The term technology sector has been broadened many times to include businesses that may be better served by a more specific category. The technology sector was initially anchored in semiconductors, computing hardware, and communications equipment.

  1. The In-Home Cleaning and Maintenance Industry

Cleaning services include a wide range of services required by commercial and residential sectors. It comprises maid services, window cleaning, floor cleaning, carpet & upholstery cleaning, and other cleaning services, which are used by residential and commercial consumers. Among the many services in high demand due to a growing generation of aging and retired adults, along with increased disposable income nationwide, is in-home cleaning. And as long as our economy continues to be strong, you’re well positioned as the owner of a home cleaning service business.
One of the easiest ways to get started is to open a franchise. Franchises in this industry saw 3 percent annual growth from 2012 to 2017 and, though this may slow as the industry become more saturated, the industry is expected to continue to grow. Most cleaning service businesses can be operated on either a part-time or full-time basis, either from home or from a commercial location. That flexibility gives this industry a strong appeal to a wide range of people with a variety of goals.

  1. The Travel and Lodging Industry

It is safe to say that just about everyone has thought a good way to retire would be to open a Bed and Breakfast. And as it turns out, With younger generations looking for out-of-the-box experiences and older generations with more to spend on luxury accommodations, consumers are opting for boutique lodging experiences. This sect of the travel industry has seen almost five percent growth over the last five years and is expected to continue to perform well. The travel industry has room for growth and innovation in terms of technology, food and wellness.

  1. The Sports and Recreation Industry

Starting a sports and recreation small business may not seem like the most lucrative idea, but this industry is quietly growing, and there’s room for more players. Club sports programs are no longer limited to peewee football and adults want in on the fun, too. Whether you’re interested in coaching, teaching, renting equipment or facilitating activities, it’s essential to have a creative and informative website, even if it’s simple, so that the tech-savvy generations can easily search your business.

Sport is an activity involving physical exertion and skill in which an individual or team competes against another or others for entertainment. Sports are part of every culture past and present, but each culture has its own definition of sports. The most useful definitions are those that clarify the relationship of sports to play, games, and contests. Sport is generally recognized as system of activities which are based in physical athleticism.

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THE GREAT 10 LEAST SPOKEN LANGUAGES IN THE WORLD

by Sree DivyaUncategorizedLeave a Comment on THE GREAT 10 LEAST SPOKEN LANGUAGES IN THE WORLD

A language is a structured system of communication used by humans consisting of speech and gestures. Approximately 6,500 languages are spoken in the world today. Each and every one of them make the world a diverse and beautiful place, but any language can be encoded into secondary media using auditory, visual, or tactile stimuli for example, in writing, whistling, signing, or braille. According to the United Nations, every two weeks, one language is lost. Language is a necessity for communication but with more languages on the verge of disappearing, something has to be done. About 6,000 languages are bound to be extinct, due to the loss of native speakers, integration of other similar languages and because more people prefer to use the more dominant languages. Everyone’s life is affected by language. Just imagine life without it.

Determining what are the most spoken languages in the world is a more difficult task. A spoken language is a language produced by articulate sounds, as opposed to a written language. The relationship between spoken language and written language is complex. Some tribes around the world live in remote areas and speak rare languages. The speakers of these rare languages learned them when they were children. However, many of their children now have no interest in learning or speaking their native language. It’s a lot harder to learn a language if you have no one to practice with. This is an approximate list of least spoken languages by the total number of speakers. Here are the least spoken 10 languages in the world.

1.Njerep

Njerep falls under the broad classification of one of the Mambiloid languages. Njerep is essentially extinct, with a handful who cannot speak it fully. Njerep has been used mostly for greetings, jokes, songs, and sharing secrets. According to anthropologists, the language doesn’t have a chance of revival. Though word lists and grammatical information have been collected from these people, the information remains fragmented. According to a study in 2007, only four people spoke this language. They are not competent speakers, but they can remember it.

Though the Njerep people currently reside in Somie village, it is widely understood that the Njerep immigrated to that location. Geographically, Somie village is located on the Tikar Plain of Cameroon. Mambila, the largest language in the Mambiloid grouping, has approximately twenty different dialects, loosely divided into East Mambila and West Mambila dialect clusters. We have collected a wordlist of the language, a number of songs and other bits of text which, fragmentary though they are, permit some insights into the structure of the language, its genetic affiliation and its former importance in the region. It gives some insight into the sociological aspect of language contraction.

2.Liki

In the Papua region in Indonesia, there are about 11 people, from an ethnic population of 320, who speak Liki as of 2005. They live in the islands off the coast of Sarmi Kecamatan, Jayapura Kabupaten, and Sarmi. Liki was a very popular language, as the indigenous church officials in the region used it to preach. Liki is also known as Moar. It is of mixed origin, as it is believed to have been developed from the Sarmi, Sarmi-Jayapura Bay, North New Guinea, Western Oceanic, Oceanic, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Malayo-Polynesian, and Austronesian languages.

  1. Ongota

Ongota is one of the Afro-Asiatic languages. Ongota is a language spoken by 12 elders in only one village in southwestern Ethiopia. In a 2012 report, UNESCO stated that only 12 individuals speak the language in one village in southwestern Ethiopia, and it may not disappear because a professor from Addis Ababa University in Ethiopia is studying the language. You can hear it when it is spoken by people who live in a village on the west bank of the “Weyt’o River” in the “Omo” zone of Ethiopia. Also known as Shanqilla, Birelle, Birale and Ifa, Ongota is a language spoken in southwestern Ethiopia.

  1. Chamicuro

Chamicuro is a traditional language in Peru. You might be shocked to learn that only 20 people speak Chamicuro. Chamicuro is known as Chamicura or Chamicolo, and is classified as one of the Arawakan languages. It is recognized as an indigenous American language, and is critically endangered because the children who live there prefer to speak Spanish rather than Chamicuro. Although there is a written dictionary for Chamicuro, the language is unfortunately nearly extinct. No children are able to speak the language because they prefer to use Spanish. But the previous speakers of the language developed a dictionary, so there is a written document for the language. Many of the words include names of animals such as cow (waka), c at (mishi), dog (ma’nali), monkey (katujkana), duck (pato), chicken (polyo) and horse (kawali).

5.Tanema

Tanema is considered a living language. The Tanema language is also called Tetau, Tetawo, or Tanimaof. It is an Oceanic, Central-Eastern, and Malayo-Polynesian language. Tanema used to be spoken in villages in Emua, in the province of Temotu, and on the island of Vanikolo, all located in the Solomon Islands. Although the ethnic population of the Solomon Islands is about 150 persons, and there is only one surviving speaker, whose name is “Lainol Nalo”. In fact, it is already nearly extinct. It is found in the South Pacific. Tanema has been overtaken by Teanu and Pijin (Pisin), two languages that are increasingly becoming popular in the area. Some of the verbs include la munana that means,”to lie down,” la vamora meaning, ”to work,” laro, which means, ”to swim” ad wekini, which means, ”to turn.”

  1. Taushiro

Taushiro is also called Pinchi or Pinche. It is by all accounts the least used language in the world. There is only one person in the world who speaks Taushiro as of 2002 in the Loreto region and around the Tigre River, and the Ahuaruna River tributary, the Aucayacu River in Peru in Peru, which is where s/he lives. She is still alive. It is important to know that while the ethnic population of Taushiro is just 20 people, about 150 people belong to an ethnic group whose native language was Tanema as of 2007. Because it is an isolated language, it does not seem that it will be revived at all. Former speakers of the language count only up to 10 while using their fingers. In Taushiro, the numeral 1 is washikanto. For numbers over 10, the native speakers would say ashintu and point to a specific toe to denote the particular number. It is nearing extinction, because it is a language isolate.

  1. Sarsi

Sarsi or Sarcee is classified as an Athabaskan language and is spoken by the Tsuu T’ina tribe located in Calgary, Canada. Only 170 people speak the language In the 2011 census. Sarsi language is related to the Navajo language, which is spoken by the tribe in the southern part of the United States. In fact, it is purely an oral language as there is no evidence that it has a writing system are there are no written records of the language. Mostly, the elders speak the Sarcee language but the younger generation has embraced big efforts to learn it.

  1. Pawnee

Pawnee language is spoken around Nebraska and north-central Oklahoma. It is a Native American-Indian dialect. Although there are still 10 people who are native speakers of Pawnee, all of them are elderly and their children prefer to speak English as their mother tongue. Also, only the Elders and Chiefs of the Pawnee tribe speak the language fluently. The dialect has nine consonants and eight vowels. It’s remarkable that each Pawnee word has 10 syllables. The pronunciation of the consonants is similar to English. The vowels on the other hand are more similar to French in pronunciation, with long sounds. Speakers raise or lower the tone to impart different meanings.

9.S’aoch

S’aoch is an endangered, nearly extinct Pearic language of Cambodia. Only 10 fluent speakers out of 110 people are left in a village located on Cambodia’s seashore who speak S’aoch. The S’aoch stable culture was wiped out by the Khmer Rouge in the 1970s. They snatched their land, locked S’aoch people up in labor camps, and banned them from speaking their own language. According to Sa’och oral history, they prospered along the coast protected by their fortified settlement of Banteay Prey. However, in the 1830s, during the Siamese-Vietnamese War for Cambodia, the Thai army defeated the Sa’och and took many prisoners of war back to Thailand where they were forced to resettle in Kanchanaburi Province along the Thai-Burmese border. This resulted in two disparate communities of Sa’och speakers separated by some 800 km.

  1. Dumi

Dumi is a language spoken in Nepal, around the Rava and Tap rivers and in the Khotang District. Dumi is the world’s least spoken language and one of the rarest. All current data states that there are only seven remaining speakers of the language. Dumi language has written records that are available to people who are interested to learn it, as a dictionary, and several books that show the grammar and syntax of the Dumi language. Its alternate names are Sotmali, Ro’do Bo’, Lsi Rai, Hopupo Bro, Dumi Bro and Dumi Bo’o. It belongs to the Kiranti branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family.

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THE GREAT 10 MOST SPOKEN LANGUAGES IN THE WORLD

by Sree DivyaUncategorizedLeave a Comment on THE GREAT 10 MOST SPOKEN LANGUAGES IN THE WORLD

A language is a structured system of communication used by humans consisting of speech and gestures. Approximately 6,500 languages are spoken in the world today. Each and every one of them make the world a diverse and beautiful place, but any language can be encoded into secondary media using auditory, visual, or tactile stimuli for example, in writing, whistling, signing, or braille. Almost half of the world’s population claims one of only 10 languages as their mother tongue. Determining what are the most spoken languages in the world is a more difficult task. In today’s increasingly globalized world, having a shared means of communication or an international language, rather it is more important than ever. A spoken language is a language produced by articulate sounds, as opposed to a written language. The relationship between spoken language and written language is complex. This is an approximate list of languages by the total number of speakers. Top 10 languages of the world are as follows.

1.English

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English is an Indo-European language and belongs to the West Germanic group of the Germanic languages. English is still the most-spoken language around the world, not due to its native speakers alone, but because many others learn it as a second language. It is a part of the West Germanic language family and is present in six of seven continents as an official language. While English and Mandarin Chinese come close when looking at their total number of speakers, English has a wider geographical distribution. English is classified as an official language in 67 different countries worldwide. With over 1.1 billion speakers worldwide, English is currently the closest we’ve come to a lingua franca, a common language that connects people from different backgrounds.

The relative ease with which English can be picked up and the pervasive soft power of US culture means that English will continue to dominate the world stage for the foreseeable future. English is the majority native language in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Ireland, an official and the main language of Singapore, and it is widely spoken in some areas of the Caribbean, Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceania. English speakers are called “Anglophones”. It is also an official language of India, the Philippines, Singapore, and many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, including South Africa. English language, which is comprised of over 1,000,000 words. a common language that connects people from different backgrounds.

  1. Mandarin Chinese

The second most spoken language in the world is Mandarin Chinese. Mandarin Chinese is spoken in 13 countries. 1,117 million people will speak Mandarin Chinese in the world. Mandarin Chinese is recognized as an official language in just five regions. It has the largest number of native speakers of any language and is spoken by 70% of all Chinese speakers. Many people fear learning Mandarin due to its 50,000 different characters, but 2,500 characters would be enough to understood. Mandarin originated in North China and most Mandarin languages and dialects are found in the north. It is used as one of the working languages of the United Nations. It is also one of the most frequently used varieties of Chinese among Chinese diaspora communities internationally and the most commonly taught Chinese variety.

The English word “mandarin” originally meant an official of the Ming and Qing empires. Traditionally, seven major groups of dialects have been recognized. Aside from Mandarin, the other six are Wu, Gan and Xiang in central China and Min, Hakka and Yue on the southeast coast. It is the native language of two-thirds of the population. Mandarin is the dominant form of Chinese in China. There is an estimated 100,000 Chinese characters. Mandarin has four tones and an additional neutral tone. Mandarin Chinese is not the official language in Hong Kong nor in Macau. Mandarin is the official language in 3 countries. It’s Considered One of the Hardest Languages to Learn. Chinese Has Different Calligraphy Styles .

  1. Hindi

Hindi is an Indo-European language. Hindi became the official language of India in 1965. Hindi and Urdu are almost completely mutually intelligible, so they are sometimes classified as one language, Hindustani, instead of two separate languages. Totally 615 million people will speak Hindi in the world. India has 23 official languages, with Hindi/Urdu chief among them. Mainly in northern India and parts of Pakistan, Hindi uses devnagri script, while Urdu uses Persian notation. At the time of writing, the debate about its role in Indian education and society has once again flared up: Prime Minister Narendra Modi, a Hindu nationalist, is seeking to have Hindi displace English in the southern Indian states as the primary language of official communication and education, a strategy that has been met with resistance.

Each letter of the Hindi alphabet has its own independent and distinct sound. India’s Hindi-speaking regions celebrate Hindi Day annually on 14th September. The word Hindi got its name from the Persian word ”Hind” which means “land of the Indus River”. Devnagari is written from left to right and consists of 11 vowels and 33 consonants. The alphabetical table of Hindi is called ‘Varnmala’ meaning ‘garland of letters’. Approximately 77% of Indians can read, write, speak or understand Hindi. The interesting fact about Hindi is it is taught in 176 of the world’s universities out of which 45 alone are in America. Hindi is one of the seven languages that are used to make web addresses.

  1. Spanish

Spanish is also the official language of a country in Central Africa, Equatorial Guinea. It has also seen an incredible development in its number of speakers due to its growing cultural influence. Totally 534 million people will speak Spanish in the world. Spanish only falls in second place behind Chinese, which is spoken by over a billion people and far outranks any other language. There are 21 countries that have Spanish as the official language. For many people in these 21 countries, it’s the only way to communicate and all official correspondence and documents are in Spanish. It is one of the easiest languages to learn. Spanish and English Share Large Vocabulary.

Spanish speakers often refer to their language as espanol as well as castellano, which is the Spanish word for “Castilian.” The earliest Spanish texts were written over 1000 years ago. The demand of learning Spanish is increasing. It is the official language or the de facto language of Spain, Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Like most languages, Spanish has its own very unique words which can’t be translated in other languages.

  1. French

French is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. In 1635, the French Academy was established, and it was the first organization ever to rule over a language. Totally 280 million people will speak French in the world. French is an official language in 29 countries, such as France, Belgium, Canada, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Congo, Mali, Senegal, and it is spoken on every continent. Along with English, French remains an influential language in the diplomatic world. Out of all the countries in the world, France is the most visited, boasting over 75 million tourists every year. Over 1.5 million Americans are native French speakers. Kinshasa is the world’s second largest French speaking city, after Paris, and before Montreal and Brussels. French is still a working language of the UN, the EU, and dozens of international organizations including the International Red Cross committee, International Labor Organization, Amnesty International, and Doctors without Borders.

New York, California and Florida have joined Louisiana and New England as the main centers of French in United States. French Popularity is Increasing. 29% of English Vocabulary Comes From French. French is Easier to Learn. A French-speaking person or nation may be referred to as Francophone in both English and French. French is also one of six official languages used in the United Nations. It is spoken as a first language in France; Canada ; Belgium ; western Switzerland ; Monaco; parts of Luxembourg; parts of the United States; northwestern Italy; and various communities elsewhere. Homephones are words sharing the same pronunciation but with different spellings and meanings. French has a great number of homophones.

  1. Standard Arabic

Arabic, like Chinese, is so vastly different in its respective dialects as to be effectively a number of languages, grouped as one for the sake of convenience. Totally 274 million people will speak Standard Arabic in the world. Modern Standard Arabic is a primarily written form, closely related to the Classical Arabic of the Quran. Arabic is the official language of the 26 countries that form the Arab League. As in other Semitic languages, Arabic has a complex and unusual method of constructing words from a basic root. IT IS AT LEAST 1,500 YEARS OLD. THE WORDS ARE WRITTEN FROM RIGHT TO LEFT; NUMBERS ARE WRITTEN FROM LEFT TO RIGHT. Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government and the media. Arabic has influenced many other languages around the globe throughout its history.

Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Hindustani , Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Malay , Maldivian, Pashto, Punjabi, Albanian, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Sicilian, Spanish, Greek, Bulgarian, Tagalog, Sindhi, Odia and Hausa and some languages in parts of Africa. it is one of the six official languages of the UN, the others being English, French, Spanish, Russian and Chinese. Most of the countries that use Arabic as their official language are in the Middle East. Arabic is the sixth most-spoken language worldwide. The Arabic alphabet does not include capital letters. In the family tree of languages, Arabic belongs to the Afroasiatic family which is spread across the Middle East and a large part of Africa, consisting of 6 branches and around 300 living languages.

  1. Bengali

Bengali is the only language in the world to be also known for its language movements and people sacrificing their life for their mother language. Totally 265 million people will speak Bengali in the world. West Bengal, now part of India, from its counterpart East Bengal, now Bangladesh. It is the most widely spoken language of Bangladesh and the second most widely spoken of the 22 scheduled languages of India, after Hindi. It is the language of Kolkata. Bengali is the fifth most-spoken native language and the seventh most spoken language by total number of speakers in the world. It is spoken by significant populations in other states including Arunachal Pradesh, Delhi, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Uttarakhand. There are two standard styles in Bengali: the Sadhubhasa and the Chaltibhasa.

The four main dialects roughly approximate the divisions of the Bengali-speaking world, known as Radha (West Bengalproper); Pundra, or Varendra (the northern parts of West Bengal and Bangladesh); Kamrupa (northeastern Bangladesh); and Bangla (the dialects of the rest of Bangladesh). Both the national anthems of Bangladesh (Amar Sonar Bangla) and India (Jana Gana Mana) were composed in Bengali. Bengali, also called Bangala, Bangla, Bangla-Bhasa, belongs to the Eastern group of the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. It is spoken in West Bengal; Tripura; Jharkhand, Dhanbad, Manbhum, Singhbhum, and Santal Parganas; Odisha, Mayar and Bales; Bihar; Assam, and Goalpara district (Ethnologue). Bengali has 29 consonants and it has 7 oral vowel phonemes.

  1. Russian

Russian is an East Slavic language native to the Russians in Eastern Europe. Russian is also the second-most widespread language on the Internet, after English. Russian shares strong similarities with Belorussian and Ukrainian. Russian is the 8th most-spoken language in the world. A few English words are of Russian origin. Totally 258 million people will speak Russian in the world. Famed for its inscrutable grammar and quite lovely Cyrillic script, it remains one of the six languages spoken in the UN. The Cyrillic alphabet has 33 letters; 10 vowels, 21 consonants, and 2 that have no sound. There are only about 200,000 words in the Russian language. Approximately 110 million Internet users speak Russian. If you want to be an astronaut, you have to learn Russian. Russian speakers outperform English speakers at distinguishing shades of blue. Word for German in Russian is nemetski, which means “those who can’t speak”. English speakers only understand 10% of the Russian language.

9.Portuguese

The fastest-growing European language after English is Portuguese. Totally 234 million people will speak Portuguese in the world. It is also the second-most spoken language, after Spanish, in Latin America. Portuguese was officially declared a language in 1290. avid Portuguese traders and conquerors brought their language to Africa, Asia and the Americas. The spread of Portuguese may have initially been tied to European colonization, but the colonized countries developed their own vibrant cultures that transformed the language forever. Today, Portuguese is spoken by 220 million native speakers in countries like Brazil, Goa, Angola, Mozambique, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bisseau, Sao Tome and Príncipe, and Macau. It’s also the language of Machado de Assis, Bossa Nova, Mia Couto, Fernando Pessoa, and Agualusa. Portuguese language, Portuguese Português, Romance language that is spoken in Portugal, Brazil, and other Portuguese colonial and formerly colonial territories.

Standard Portuguese was developed in the 16th century, basically from the dialects spoken from Lisbon to Coimbra. In 2008 the Portuguese parliament passed an act mandating the use of a standardized orthography based on Brazilian forms. It also has a presence on almost all of the continents. In fact, it is the official language in nine different countries: Portugal, Brazil, Mozambique, Angola, Guinea-Bissau, Timor-Leste, Equatorial Guinea, Cape Verde, and São Tomé and Principe. There are over 5 million native Portuguese speakers in Africa. According to UNESCO, the language has high growth potential as an “international communication language in Southern Africa and South America.” Portuguese and Spanish are not mutually intelligible. It is the fastest-growing European language in the world – behind English.

10.Indonesian

Indonesia is the official language of Indonesia. Indonesian is a polite language. Totally 200 million people will speak French in the world. While Indonesians speak a variety of indigenous languages at home, the official language for formal education, governance, judiciary, administration, national mass media and several forms of communication is Bahasa Indonesia. It is easy to learn. Indonesia is rich in natural resources, such as gold, copper, tin, natural gas and crude oil. It has made a name for itself as a manufacturing center. Several of the major countries in the world are trade partners of Indonesia. Indonesian is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family. Bahasa Indonesia is a standardized dialect of Malay which had been used as a lingua franca in the Indonesian archipelago for centuries, and which achieved the status of an official language with the declaration of independence of Indonesia from the Netherlands in 1945. The two languages are very similar in their sound system, grammar, and vocabulary.

Besides Indonesia, the language is also spoken in the Netherlands, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, and the U.S. Standard Indonesian is based on the formal variety of the language spoken in Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia. Indonesian has been widely spoken in Southern Asia. It is spoken as a mother tongue by only 7% of the population of Indonesia, but altogether more than 200 million people speak it, with varying degrees of proficiency. The main purpose of loaning words from the Indonesian language is to describe things which are uniquely Indonesian like flora and fauna of the country, known as Cockatoo and Komodo. Both these English words have Indonesian roots. Indonesia is one of the richest countries in the world when it comes to the supply of natural resources like natural gas, crude oil, gold and copper. This is why more and more businesses are investing in Indonesian translation, in order to expand their business at the said location. It became the official language of Indonesia in 1945.

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THE GREAT 10 LEAST PLAYED SPORTS IN THE WORLD

by Sree DivyaUncategorizedLeave a Comment on THE GREAT 10 LEAST PLAYED SPORTS IN THE WORLD

Sport is an activity involving physical exertion and skill in which an individual or team competes against another or others for entertainment. Sports are part of every culture past and present, but each culture has its own definition of sports. The most useful definitions are those that clarify the relationship of sports to play, games, and contests. Sport is usually governed by a set of rules or customs, which serve to ensure fair competition, and allow consistent adjudication of the winner. Sport is generally recognized as system of activities which are based in physical athleticism. For popular sports, records of sports performance may be widely announced or reported in sport news. Sports kept societies fit and healthy while building strong communities and boosting morale. One of the best reasons for kids and adults to play sport is for the incredible health benefits. The sport tends to involve vigorous exercise, meaning you only need to aim for 75 minutes a week to get the benefits. If you achieve the recommended level of exercise, then the health benefits are undeniable. Benefits include: 50% decreased risk of diabetes, 35% decreased risk of heart disease, 50% reduced risk of colon cancer, 20% reduced risk of breast cancer, 30% lower risk of falling as an older adult, 30% lower risk of dying. Sports build friendship between pupils. Healthy kids are better learners.
The Great 10 Least Played sports are as follows.

1.Kabaddi

Kabaddi is a team sport from South Asia. It is popular in the Indian subcontinent and other surrounding Asian countries. Kabaddi is the national sport of Bangladesh. This game is a mix of rugby without a ball and red rover. The basic rules of Kabaddi are simple: two teams of seven players each face off in a large rectangular area for two halves of twenty minutes each. The size of the court is about 13m x 10m. Players from each team take turns running across the center line to the other team’s half of the court, tagging members of the other team, and running back. Each side gets alternating turns to send any one player to the opponent’s side. This player is called the raider and each player on the opposing team is called a defender.

The more opposing team members they tag, the more points they score, but if the opposing team can physically prevent them from crossing back to their side of the court, they score no points. In order to get a bonus point, the raider must cross the baulk or check line with one foot with the other one in the air, when the defending team has 6 or 7 defenders. Kabaddi is also popular in other parts of the world where there are Indian and Pakistani communities such as in the United Kingdom where the sport is governed by the England Kabaddi Federation UK. It needs no special equipment, clothing or accessories, ensuring it is a game that is open to everyone. It is the state game of the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Odisha, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh Tamil Nadu, and Telangana .

2.Motocross/motorcycle racing

Motocross is a motorcycle racing sport in which riders compete on off-road courses using dirt bikes. Motocross was derived from motorcycle trials in the UK, by eliminating strict scoring and the delicate balancing aspects of trials. The objective of motocross racing is to simply complete a course in the fastest time possible. In each race, about 25 to 30 riders are allowed to take part. Races involve riding around the course for a fixed number of laps, where the rider to cross the finish line first is declared as the winner. The FIM Motocross World Championship is the most notable event for the sport that is conducted annually. In 1957 it was upgraded to World Championship status. In 1962 a 250 cc world championship was established. Major categories include road racing, off-road racing, both either on circuits or open courses, and track racing, hill climbs, drag racing and land speed record trials.

Courses vary widely but must be 1.5 to 5 km in length in international competition, with steep uphill and downhill grades, wet or muddy areas, and many left and right turns of varying difficulty. Riders must use the same motorcycle throughout a race, with repairs made between heats if necessary. A cotton jersey, nylon pants padded at the knee and thigh, padded boots and gloves, a helmet and goggles, a plastic chest protector, and a kidney belt for support constitute the usual outfit of the motocross cyclist. It would be great for you to learn to ride in different weather conditions. In a rough terrain, navigate bumps by standing up because while standing your legs will act like a double-long suspension set. It is also important to learn how to fix your bike by yourself. The races take place on gravel, mud or grass road circuits and the discipline is one of the most skilled, exciting and energetic motor sports around.

3.Fencing

In the Tokyo 2020 Games Fencing is one of the original sports included in the first modern Games. The women’s fencing competition was added in 1924. Fencing is believed to have originated in Spain. Men and women each compete in six events, here three weapons used: epee, sabre and foil. The epee is also a thrusting weapon but has a maximum weight of 775 grams. Again, only the tip of the blade counts but the target area is the entire body so there is no lame. The sabre is a cutting and thrusting weapon with a maximum weight of 500 grams. The entire blade can score with the target area the upper half of the body, covered by the lame, including the face mask and neck bib which must also be made of conducting material. The foil has a maximum weight of 500 grams and is a thrusting weapon. Only the tip of the blade counts with the target area the torso which is covered by the lame. Most competitive fencers choose to specialize in one weapon only. The competitor who scores the most points during the three, three-minute rounds, or reaches 15 points first, wins.

Fencing is governed by Federation Internationale d’Escrime (FIE). Fencing The Romans brought sword combat to a highly systematic art that was taught to both their legions and their gladiators. Gladiators were trained in schools by professional instructors. Beginners practiced with a wooden sword called a rudis. More-advanced training took place with weapons that were somewhat heavier than those used in actual combat. Swords were heavy and used primarily to broach the protective armour. Fencing was originally a form of military training and started to evolve into a sport in both Germany and Italy. Since that tragic accident, masks and the neck bibs surrounding them are subject to stringent checks. All masks must pass a 12kg “punch test” with FIE-approved versions, obligatory for World Championships and Olympic Games, made of stainless steel and non-FIE masks usually made of carbon steel mesh. Masks normally have a removable inside lining for easy washing. The neck bibs are usually made of Kevlar or other strong synthetic fibre and made to resist a force of 1600 Newtons.

4.Polo

Polo has been called “the sport of kings”. Polo, game played on horseback between two teams of four players each who use mallets with long, flexible handles to drive a wooden ball down a grass field and between two goal posts. Each team has four mounted riders, and the game usually lasts one to two hours, divided into periods called chukkas. It is one of the world’s oldest known team sports. The sport originated from equestrian games played by nomadic Iranian peoples . It is played professionally in 16 countries. Various forms of Polo, and similar sports, have been long played, traditionally, throughout a wide range covering Assam and Manipur areas of India, Kashmir, Nepal and Tibet, and the Northern valleys of Pakistan such as Gilgit, Hunza Valley, Baltistan and Chitral District and parts of Central Asia as well.

They play on a field which is 300 yards long and 160 or 200 yards wide. There are goalposts 8 yards apart at each end of the field. In a game there are 2 umpires on horses and a referee on the side. Polo was introduced into India by the Muslim conquerors in the 13th century. Polo spread rapidly after a captain in the 10th Hussars stationed in India saw a match early in 1866 and immediately formed a team from among his fellow officers. Polo grew rapidly in England, with matches at Richmond Park and Hurlingham attracting more than 10,000 spectators by 1875. In the 1890s, Polo was also introduced to the United States. Kublai Khan’s summer palace was called Xanadu. Marco Polo called Xanadu ‘the greatest palace that ever was. Polo is way less popular than water polo.

5.Archery

Archery is believed that bows and arrows have been used for at least 25,000 years based upon the discovery of arrowheads in Africa. An archer can also be referred to as a toxophilite. The word comes from two Greek words that together mean ‘lover of the bow’. It is considered to be one of the oldest sports in the world. The word archery is derived from the word arcus, a Latin term that means bow and arrows. It was reintroduced in 1972. Bhutan is the only country in the world that considers archery their national sport. The bag that archers use to hold their arrows is called a quiver. The first country with organized archery competitions was England in the 1500s. Archers shoot according to their dominant eye and because of this a right-handed person may shoot with their left hand and vice versa.

ARCHERY IS ONE OF THE SAFEST SPORTS. An arrow released in competition flies 150 mph. Final arrow shot in an archery competition is called an upshot. The Easton Archery Center of Excellence, gifted and operated by the Easton Foundations, increased the U.S. Olympic Training Center by 42,629 square feet. The state-of-the-art design includes classrooms, conference rooms, a fitness room, an athletes’ lounge, coaches’ offices and housing for 30. If in a post-Hunger Games world archery still charts this low, the fifth-least popular sport in the world may actually be its peak.

6.Sailing

Sailing is a very popular sport, and it had a large influence on modern life. One of the best laser radial sailors is from The Netherlands. Sailing has been a part of the Olympics from 1896 onwards. Conventional sailing craft cannot derive power from sails on a point of sail that is too close to the wind. On a given point of sail, the sailor adjusts the alignment of each sail with respect to the apparent wind direction to mobilize the power of the wind. The average sailboat cruises at about 4-6 knots, (4-7 mph or 7-11 km/h) and has a top speed of 9 knots (10 mph or 17 km/h). It’s just not that fast. Sailing gives you access to places that are off-limits to tourists. We can actually operate a 100′ sailboat by yourself. Sailing a bigger boat more stable. Most sailing represents a form of recreation or sport.

Recreational sailing or yachting can be divided into racing and cruising. Cruising can include extended offshore and ocean-crossing trips, coastal sailing within sight of land, and daysailing. The average salinity of oceans is 3.5% but it varies greatly. Sailboats can sail faster than the speed of the wind. The measurement that ships use for navigation is the nautical mile. One nautical mile per hour is called a “knot”. The origin of the word “knot” comes from the olden days when the speed on the ships would be measured by throwing into the sea a log attached to a rope with evenly spaced knots. As the ship moved relative to the log, the number of knots during a certain period of time would be counted to measure the speed.

7.Canadian football

Canadian football is a sport played in Canada in which two teams of 12 players each compete for territorial control of a field of play 110 yards (101 m) long and 65 yards (59 m) wide attempting to advance a pointed oval-shaped ball into the opposing team’s scoring area. American football and Canadian football may look identical at first glance to the casual observer. However, a closer look reveals that despite them sharing many of the same features, there are some important differences between these two styles of gridiron. In the American football teams have just eleven on each side. In American football are allowed four downs, whereas in Canadian football, they are allowed just three. The length of an NFL pitch is 120-yards whereas a CFL pitch is 150-yards. The CFL is the most popular and only major professional Canadian football league.

Great achievements in Canadian football are enshrined in the Canadian Football Hall of Fame located in Hamilton, Ontario. Many of the first Canadian football teams played under the auspices of the Canadian Rugby Football Union (CRFU), founded in 1884. The Grey Cup was donated by Governor General the Earl Grey in 1909 to the team winning the Senior Amateur Football Championship of Canada. Canadian Football League (CFL), major Canadian professional gridiron football organization, formed in 1956 as the Canadian Football Council. The Canadian football field is covered entirely in glass and wire. Since so many balls got caught in the overhead wires, in 1947 CFL cancelled the post-score kickoffs in favour of a jump-ball.

8.Weightlifting

The origins of weightlifting as a sport are primal, with the main goal the ability to lift more weight than an opponent. The competitive sport of weightlifting is a separate discipline from the athletic training that is defined by the umbrella term weight training. Weight training is used by athletes to build muscle mass, strength, and endurance; to improve performance in a particular sport; or to generally enhance overall fitness. In weightlifting, as in boxing and wrestling, there is a well-defined correlation between the size of the athlete and the amount of weight that the athlete is capable of lifting. There are two standard lifts in modern weightlifting: the single-movement lift from floor to extended position, and the two-movement lift from floor to shoulder position, and from shoulders to extended position. Weightlifting Sport in which weights at the end of a bar are lifted over the head. Competitions are conducted according to weight classes that range from bantamweight to heavyweight. In a weightlifting competition, each participant uses three standard lifts known as two-hand press, clean-and-jerk, and snatch. The competitor who lifts the greatest combined total of weights wins.

Strength training involves training the muscles and the nervous system together they make what is called the neuromuscular system. Sports involved weight training are bodybuilding, weightlifting, powerlifting, strongman, highland games, hammer throw, shot put, discus throw, and javelin throw. Weightlifting was first introduced in the Olympics in the 1896 Athens Olympic games as a part of track and field, and was officially recognized as its own event in 1914. Weightlifting has been a part of the modern Olympic Games since 1896. Women’s weightlifting, using similar principles in the determination of weight categories, became an Olympic sport in 2000. With machines, the weighted path is restricted and controlled by the structure of the machinery. Weight training uses a variety of specialized equipment to target specific muscle groups and types of movement. In 2003 at the age of 40, Raija Koskinen of Finland set a world record for the women’s squat in the 97-pound (44 kilograms) bodyweight class. She squatted an amazing 377 pounds (171 kilos), almost four times her body weight.

9.Darts

The game of darts is an interesting game that’s enjoyed by millions. All you need for the game is a dart board, some darts, and an opponent. The dart board should be hung at an eye-level height. Because the persons playing may vary in height, the ideal position to hang it is at 5ft. 8in (1.73m) above the floor. A general rule says that they should hold the dart between the thumb and the forefinger for better accuracy and comfort. You should throw the dart keeping it at eye level, and with a smooth action. Each player has three darts and they have to throw all three one by one, each time they visit the oche. The oche, which is the line a throwing player must stand behind; it should be 7ft 9in (2.37m) away from the face of the board. This game was started over a hundred years back.

Darts is not limited to such casual public places only; it is also considered a serious business by professional dart players. It can help you improve your concentration, confidence, hand/eye coordination. It is one of the few games where your entire family can participate. It is not at all an expensive pursuit. The requirement of space is not a factor for this game. There is no age limit for the participants. Darts players are sometimes termed “dartists”. The first metal barrels were made from brass which was relatively cheap and easy to work. The wooden shafts, threaded to fit the tapped barrel, were either fletched as before or designed to take a paper flight. This type of dart continued to be used into the 1970s.

10.Bowling

Bowling is a throwing sport in which a ball is thrown towards pins in an effort to knock them down and earn points. The goal of the bowler is to roll his ball down the lane, knocking out as many pins as possible. The term bowling usually refers to ten-pin bowling. A regulation bowling alley is made of polished wood and measures 41 to 42 inches wide and 60 feet from the foul line, where the ball is delivered, to the center of the head pin. A game with a score of 200 or more is called a Deuce. In bowling, three strikes is called a “turkey,” six strikes is a “wild turkey,” and nine strikes is a “golden turkey.” Also, four strikes is a called a “ham bone.” According to the United States Bowling Congress, bowling balls can have up to 12 holes, as long as it can be demonstrated that each hole has a use. The National Bowling Association was established in New York City in 1875 in order to establish standardized rules for ten-pin bowling. Bowling balls can weigh between 6 pounds and 16 pounds.

The bowling balls made in the early part of the 1900s were made of wood. Later they were manufactured with heavy rubber. In the 1906s they began to be made with polyester resin. Today bowling is popular around the world, as a competitive sport and as a leisure sport. Women began bowling in the 1880s despite it being socially unacceptable to do so. The first bowling games to appear on television in 1950. Bowling is played by 100 million people in more than 90 countries. Bowling is considered to be a healthy exercise and activity for people. It makes the body use muscles it might not otherwise use. It makes the body stretch and lift weight. Bowling is one of the sports still suitable for much older people. The largest bowling center in the world is located in Inazawa, Japan and has 116 lanes. For his birthday present, bowling lanes were built on the West Wing of the White House for President Truman.

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THE GREAT 10 MOST PLAYED SPORTS IN THE WORLD

by Sree DivyaUncategorizedLeave a Comment on THE GREAT 10 MOST PLAYED SPORTS IN THE WORLD

Sport is an activity involving physical exertion and skill in which an individual or team competes against another or others for entertainment. Sports are part of every culture past and present, but each culture has its own definition of sports. The most useful definitions are those that clarify the relationship of sports to play, games, and contests. Sport is usually governed by a set of rules or customs, which serve to ensure fair competition, and allow consistent adjudication of the winner. Sport is generally recognized as system of activities which are based in physical athleticism. For popular sports, records of sports performance may be widely announced or reported in sport news. Sports kept societies fit and healthy while building strong communities and boosting morale. One of the best reasons for kids and adults to play sport is for the incredible health benefits. The sport tends to involve vigorous exercise, meaning you only need to aim for 75 minutes a week to get the benefits. If you achieve the recommended level of exercise, then the health benefits are undeniable. Benefits include: 50% decreased risk of diabetes, 35% decreased risk of heart disease, 50% reduced risk of colon cancer, 20% reduced risk of breast cancer, 30% lower risk of falling as an older adult, 30% lower risk of dying. Sports build friendship between pupils. Healthy kids are better learners.

1.Soccer/Football

It was estimated that there are 265 million people, who play the sport along with more than 5 million referees, which equates to 4% of the world’s population in over 200 countries. No one knows exactly when soccer was created, but the earliest versions of the game can be traced back 3,000 years. The earliest game that resembled association football in history is the Chinese game Cuju. The English Football Association was formed in 1863. Soccer is the most popular game in the world. The maximum number of players on a soccer team is 11. Soccer is played on a grassy field called a pitch. The field is rectangular and must be between 100 and 130 yards long and 50 to 100 yards wide. An international soccer game is 90 minutes long. The 90 minutes is divided in two 45 minute halves. In many countries it is known as “football”. Women’s soccer started to become extremely popular in the 1990s.

Today most of the balls are made from layers of synthetic leather while the bladders inside the ball are made from latex or butyl. In Europe during the Soccer balls were made from inflated pig bladders. The players will use any part of their bodies except their hands and arms, try to maneuver the ball into the opposing team’s goal. Only the goalkeeper is permitted to handle the ball and may do so only within the penalty area surrounding the goal. The team that scores more goals wins. Football made its television debut in 1937, featuring Arsenal in England. Sports commonly called football include association football; gridiron football ; Australian rules football; rugby football ; and Gaelic football. The players Andres Iniesta with 35 playing for Barcelona, Ryan Giggs with 34 playing for Manchester United and Lionel Messi with 34 playing for Barcelona have won the most trophies.

  1. Badminton

Badminton was introduced in the United States in the late 19th century and became a popular sport in the 1930s. Badminton was initially played with the players’ feet. The shuttlecock used in badminton gets its name from the back and forth motion in the game. This motion is similar to the shuttle of a loom. Since the projectile, with its sixteen feathers resembles a chicken, hence the ‘cock’ in shuttlecock. Badminton became an Olympic sport in 1992 at the Barcelona Olympics. The fastest racquet sport in the world is badminton, with shuttlecock speeds reaching more than 200 miles per hour. Badminton was originally not called badminton. It went by the name Shuttlecock and Battledore. It was eventually named badminton after the Badminton House in Gloucestershire, England. Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net. Points are scored by striking the shuttlecock with the racquet and landing it within the opposing side’s half of the court. The shuttlecock is a feathered or plastic projectile which flies differently from the balls used in many other sports. The game developed in British India from the earlier game of battledore and shuttlecock.

Badminton is an extremely popular indoor sport, which is played regularly by an estimated 220 million people around the world. This game requires quick reflexes and superb conditioning. This game has become very popular in Asia. Since 1992, badminton has been a Summer Olympic sport with four events: men’s singles, women’s singles, men’s doubles, and women’s doubles, with mixed doubles added four years later. England, Scotland, Wales, Canada, Denmark, France, Ireland, the Netherlands, and New Zealand were the founding members of the International Badminton Federation in 1934, now known as the Badminton World Federation. India joined as an affiliate in 1936. It is particularly popular in Asia. Feathers from the left wing of the goose make the best shuttlecocks. 16 feathers are used to make the shuttlecock and it weighs between 4.74 and 5.5 grams. Approximately 1.2 Americans play badminton approximately 25 times each year or more. The game has also become a popular backyard sport in the United States. 70% of all Badminton World Federation events are won by competitors from Indonesia and China. When badminton was first included in the Olympics in 1992, 1.1 billion people watched the badminton competition on television. The strings of badminton racquets are made from the stomach linings of cats.

3.Field Hockey

Outdoor game played by two opposing teams of 11 players each who use sticks curved at the striking end to hit a small, hard ball into their opponent’s goal. This fast-paced sport is played by men and women in over 100 countries on 5 continents around the world.  A firm favorite at the Olympic Games, field hockey is a highly technical sport, played by 10 outfield players plus a goalkeeper and its rules differ from the Ice hockey variation of the sport. At the 2012 London Olympic Games, field hockey was the third most spectated sport. Pennsylvania has the highest number of field hockey players in the U.S.  

Field hockey is known as simply “hockey” everywhere else in the world. It is called field hockey to distinguish it from the similar game played on ice.  Players travel more than 5 miles during the course of a field hockey match. By 1928 hockey had become India’s national game, and in the Olympic Games that year the Indian team, competing for the first time, won the gold medal without conceding a goal in five matches.  Indoor hockey, played by teams of six players with six interchanging substitutes, has become popular in Europe.  Hockey players can only hit the ball with the flat side of their stick. A goal can only be scored either from a field goal, a penalty corner, or from a penalty stroke. A field goal is a goal scored from open play, and can only be scored from inside the ‘striking circle’, in front of the opponent’s goal.

4.Volleyball

Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team’s court under organized rules. Volleyball began in the United States. William G. Morgan is credited with inventing the game in 9th February,1895 in Holyoke, Massachusetts. The first ball to be specially designed for volleyball was created in 1900. The first World Championships were held in 1949 for men and 1952 for women. He wanted to combine elements from baseball, handball, basketball and tennis. He wanted a game that was great exercise with less physical contact. Volleyball was first called “mintonette”. Originating from America, volleyball boasts an impressive estimated global participation figure of 998 million people. Volleyball were first introduced as Olympic sports in 1964. It took some of its characteristics from tennis and handball. The longest recorded volleyball game was in Kingston, North Carolina. It took 75 hours and 30 minutes. A volleyball court is 29 feet, 6 inches wide by 59 feet. The net is 7 feet, 11 5/8ths high for men. For women it is 7 feet, 4 1/8th inches high. The six positions on a volleyball team include the setter, server, blocker, spiker, passer, and the digger.

5.Basketball

James Naismith, who was worked as a physical education teacher invented basketball. For that first game of basketball in 1891, Naismith used as goals two half-bushel peach baskets, which gave the sport its name. The first backboards were made of wire. Basketball is a team sport established in 1898. Back when peach baskets were used as the hoop, every time someone scored, a referee had to fetch the ball by climbing a ladder. The basket’s steel rim has an 18 inch diameter. The backboard behind the net is 3.5 feet by 6 feet. The rim of the basket is 10 feet high from the court floor. Players advance the ball by bouncing it while walking or running or by passing it to a teammate, both of which require considerable skill. On offense, players may use a variety of shots, those are the lay-up, the jump shot, or a dunk; on defense, they may steal the ball from a dribbler, intercept passes, or block shots.

In 1936, basketball became an official game at the Olympics, which were held in Berlin, Germany. Even though basketball is widely known as an American sport, the first pro game was played in Toronto, Canada in 1946. A minimum of 450 million people play the sport around the world. Basketball grew steadily but slowly in popularity and importance in the United States. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, who played 20 seasons in the NBA, holds the record for most points scored in a career with 38,387. On March 2, 1962, Philadelphia center Wilt Chamberlain scored 100 points in one game against New York. That is the most one player has ever scored in one game. The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame is located in Springfield, Mass. Interest in the game deepened as a result of television exposure, but with the advent of cable television, especially during the 1980s, the game’s popularity exploded at all levels.

6.Tennis

Tennis dates back to 12th century France when it was played in the form of a handball game called ‘paume’ or palm. Tennis, original name lawn tennis, game in which two opposing players or pairs of players use tautly strung rackets to hit a ball of specified size, weight, and bounce over a net on a rectangular court. Points are awarded to a player or team whenever the opponent fails to correctly return the ball within the prescribed dimensions of the court. The game involved hitting a ball back and forth by hand. In time, a black leather glove was used and then from there a handle was added to the glove, which formed the first racquet. Original tennis balls were crafted from wood, it wasn’t until later that a cellulose material was used to make the balls bouncier. Today’s courts measure a standard 78 feet long, but in the early days courts were 90 yards long, with 45 yards per side. Each time a player scored, players moved 15-feet forward. The third point was scored with both players up at the net, and so the final point was made at 10 yards. word “Tennis” comes from the Anglo-Norman term “Tenez.” In 1971 the tiebreak was introduced in Wimbledon, it is only the mazor Tennis tournament still played on grass. The first Wimbledon was played in 1877. The winner’s trophy at Wimbledon remains on display at the All England Club’s museum as winners do not take their trophies with them. It is also the first of the four “Grand Slams” to be founded.

The term “Love” used in the scoring system of tennis is said to have originated from the French word for “egg,” l’oeuf, because a zero on a scoreboard resembles an egg. However, these claims are unsubstantiated. As per The International Tennis Federation, the weight of a tennis ball must be between 56.0 and 59.4 grams. The overall permissible length of a tennis racket is 29 inches. The sport is growing at serious speed in Asia. Every year 24 tons of Kent strawberries are ordered for the championship at Wimbledon. Widely recognised as the most popular individual sport in the world, tennis is played by an estimated number of 60 million men and women around the world. In the men’s game, Roger Federer has earned 20 Grand Slam singles titles while on the women’s side, Margaret Court has 24 singles majors. With 19 Grand Slam singles titles, Rafael Nadal stands second on the men’s list with the most singles Grand Slam titles. The first set of sisters to ever win Olympic gold medals in tennis were Venus and Serena Williams. Venus Williams served 205 km/hr. Ashe was the first African American to win the US Open. He won the tournament for the first and the only time in 1968. He said that “Start where you are. Use what you have. Do what you can.”

7.Cricket

The man considered as the father of cricket is William Gilbert (W.G.) Grace. The earliest reference to cricket is in South East England in the mid-16th century. The earliest definite reference to the sport is in a court case of 1598. Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a 22-yard (20-metre) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The wickets are sets of three small, wooden posts that are at each end of a rectangle of short grass called ‘the pitch’. The pitch is inside a much larger oval of grass called the ‘area of play’. The area of play is a 30 yard circle inside the cricket ground or stadium. The cricket ball weighs 163 grams. Its core is made of cork which is wrapped with several layers of yarn. The outer casing is made of leather, which is then coated with lacquer. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at the wicket with the bat, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this.

Forms of Cricket range from Twenty20, with each team batting for a single innings of 20 overs, to Test matches played over five days. It spread globally. The sport is followed primarily in the Indian subcontinent, Australasia, the United Kingdom, southern Africa and the West Indies and several other countries such as Afghanistan, Ireland, Kenya, Scotland, the Netherlands, and Zimbabwe.The majority of participants of this sport come from Australia, India, Pakistan, South Africa and the UK, but cricket is also on the rise in other countries all over the world. The International Cricket Council (ICC) identified that an impressive 125 countries around the world play the sport. It is enjoyed by more than 2.5 billion fans in 180 countries. Although there are 31 countries that play cricket in the international stage, only 12 have qualified for Test status. The biggest event in cricket is the World Cup, which is organized by the International Cricket Council (ICC). It was founded in 1909 as the Imperial Cricket Conference.

8.Table Tennis

Table Tennis was invented in the late 1980 s in England. Table tennis is a calorie cutter and a brain enhancer. Table tennis, also known as ping-pong and whiff-whaff, is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight ball back and forth across a table using small rackets. A point is scored when a player fails to return the ball within the rules. Spinning the ball alters its trajectory and limits an opponent’s options, giving the hitter a great advantage. It is governed by the worldwide organization International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF), founded in 1926.This indoor sport has become more and more popular over the years, with integration in schools, social clubs and sport centres across the world. Over 300 million players participate in various table tennis tournaments each year. It is very highly organized as a competitive sport. It has been an Olympic sport since 1988. The game is popular all over the world. In Europe and Asia, particularly in China and Japan, it is very highly organized as a competitive sport.

There are more than 1,600 varieties of table tennis rubbers on the authorized list. The international regulations state that the game’s sphere should have a mass of 2.7 grams. In 2008, the sport launched team events. Team events mean a one-sided team that comprises both men and women. Historians link Table Tennis to Victorian England. During the early ages, Great Britain was much interested in lawn events such as tennis. Later, they brought the sport indoors in the name of table tennis. This is everyone’s sport. It can be played for the entire life and has no biases towards gender, age, or disabilities. Also, it’s easier to master the art of the sport. The game is won when the player attains 11 points before the opponent. But when there’s a tie of 10 points, any player who leads by two points becomes the match-winner. The game involves lots of movement that facilitates the burning of fats.

9.Baseball

Baseball has been a part of American culture. Baseball had been invented by Abner Doubleday at Cooperstown, New York, in 1839. Henry Chadwick is known, among several others, as the “Father of Baseball.” Baseball was invented in the 1800s with the Knickerbocker Rules. Baseball, game played with a bat, a ball, and gloves between two teams of nine players each on a field with four white bases laid out in a diamond. Teams alternate positions as batters (offense) and fielders (defense), exchanging places when three members of the batting team are “put out.” As batters, players try to hit the ball for a run. The team that scores the most runs in nine innings wins the game. The objective of the defensive team (fielding team) is to prevent batters from becoming runners, and to prevent runners’ advance around the bases. In the United States and Canada, professional Major League Baseball (MLB) teams are divided into the National League (NL) and American League (AL), each with three divisions: East, West, and Central.

Baseball used to be a full medal sport in the Olympics in 1992. Historically baseball was more popular in America than anywhere else in the world but the sport is now becoming increasingly popular in other countries such as Japan. Softball is the female version of the game, and it is estimated by the World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC) that 65 million people play either baseball or softball in over 140 countries. This game usually lasts 3 hours long. Baseball initially started in the U.S., it has spread worldwide. Japan has the largest pro baseball league outside the U.S. The baseball team with the most World Series wins is the New York Yankees with 27 titles. The first pro baseball game ever to be aired on television was on August 26, 1939. It was a doubleheader between Brooklyn and Cincinnati. 65 million people play either baseball or softball in over 140 countries. During a typical game, approximately 70 balls are used.

10.Golf

Perhaps one of the most popular pastimes in the world, according to Golf Today, 60 million people around the world regularly participate in the sport. Golf is a club-and-ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible. Golf can be traced back millennia to China, but the modern, 18-hole version started in Scotland in the 1400’s. Each hole on the course must contain a teeing ground to start from, and a putting green containing the actual hole or cup 4 1⁄4 inches (11 cm) in diameter. Until the 17th century Golf Balls Were Originally Made of Wood. An alternative type of golf ball, known as a feather ball.

A feather was basically a leather pouch filled with chicken or goose feathers. The first round of women’s golf was played in the year 1811 in Musselburgh, Scotland. Before golf tees, players would shape mounds of sand and place the golf ball on top.Golf is one of the two only sports to be played on the moon. On February 6, 1967 Alan Bartlett “Al” Shepard, Jr. performed a one-handed swing with a six-iron, sending the ball flying through the moon’s low-gravity atmosphere. And in case you were wondering, javelin is the other sport that was reportedly played on the moon. Golf is an excellent workout that burns calories while promoting greater muscle mass. Tees were finally popularized in the 1920s. The longest putt was a mind blowing 375 feet. Early forms of golf were played in the Netherlands first and then in Scotland.

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THE GREAT 10 LARGEST MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN THE WORLD BASED ON THE REVENUE

by Sree DivyaUncategorizedLeave a Comment on THE GREAT 10 LARGEST MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN THE WORLD BASED ON THE REVENUE

A manufacturer is a person or company that produces finished goods from raw materials by using various tools, equipment, and processes, and then sells the goods to consumers, wholesalers, distributors, retailers, or to other manufacturers for the production of more complex goods. Manufacturers are considered a significant part of the economy. The typical manufacturer was a single skilled artisan with assistants. Each artisan kept the secrets of the production and transferred the knowledge only to apprentices. The Industrial Revolution was the introduction of new technologies that enabled the mechanization of production, which increased the volume of the goods produced. Technological advancements enable the mechanization of production processes, as well as improve overall efficiency and productivity. Great 10 Largest Manufacturing leading Companies in the World in the year 2020 based on the Revenue are as follows.

1.Volkswagen Group

Volkswagen is the first largest company in the world. It is German multinational automotive manufacturing company. The company has operations in approximately 153 countries and operates 100 production facilities across 27 countries. The Volkswagen Group brings in annual revenues of USD 282.9 billion. The company’s products offerings include automobiles, commercial vehicles, internal combustion engines, motorcycles, and turbomachinery. Volkswagen Group Headquarters is in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, Germany. This company designs, manufactures and distributes the products to passengers. In Volkswagen Group Number of Employees are 671,205. The Austrian automotive engineer Ferdinand Porsche, who was responsible for the original design of the car, was hired by the German Labour Front in 1934. It is founded by the German government on 28,May 1937 to mass-produce a low-priced “people’s car.”

Volkswagen was to manufacture the car which would become known as the Beetle. Volkswagen launched a new generation of front-wheel drive vehicles in the 1970s, including the Passat, Polo and Golf. Volkswagen acquired a controlling stake in SEAT in 1986, making it the first non-German marque of the company, and acquired control of Skoda in 1994, of Bentley, Lamborghini and Bugatti in 1998, Scania in 2008 and of Ducati, MAN and Porsche in 2012. It was the world’s largest automaker by sales in 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019. Popular models of Volkswagen include Golf, Jetta, Passat, Atlas, and Tiguan. It sells passenger cars under the Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, Porsche, SEAT, Skoda and Volkswagen marques. Volkswagen was operating a plant in Xinjiang at a loss in order to curry favor with the Chinese government to set up more lucrative plants in other parts of China. Other companies cut ties with China in the region after evidence emerged of human rights abused. However, Volkswagen was still operating a plant in the region as of 2020.

2.Toyota Group

Toyota Motor Corporation is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on August 28, 1937. The brand power of Toyota Group has always been super strong and that’s why the company is the 2nd biggest manufacturing company in the world. It was the world’s first automobile manufacturer to produce more than 10 million vehicles per year. Toyota Group headquarters are in Toyota, Aichi, Japan. Toyota is the global market leader in sales of hybrid electric vehicles, and one of the largest companies to encourage the mass market adoption of hybrid vehicles across the globe.

Cumulative global sales of Toyota and Lexus hybrid passenger car models achieved the 15 million milestone in January 2020. Toyota Motor Corporation produces vehicles under five brands, including the Toyota brand, Hino, Lexus, Ranz, and Daihatsu. TMC is part of the Toyota Group, one of the largest conglomerates in the world. Toyota Group is a group of companies that have supplier, vendor and investment relationships with Toyota Industries and Toyota Motor vehicle manufacturing facilities. Toyota Group currently brings in annual revenues of USD 265.1 billion and it is making the company 2nd on the list of the largest manufacturing companies in the world. Toyota is listed on the London Stock Exchange, New York Stock Exchange and Tokyo Stock Exchange.

  1. Apple

Apple is a multinational technology company that is renowned in the world for its brand power. Aside from a very positive public perception, Apple is also a company that brings in some of the highest revenues and profits in the world. This company headquartered in Cupertino, California. Its hardware products include the iPhone smartphone, the iPad tablet computer, the Mac personal computer, the iPod portable media player, the Apple Watch smartwatch, the Apple TV digital media player, the AirPods wireless earbuds, the AirPods Max headphones, and the HomePod smart speaker line. Founders Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak created Apple computer on April 1, 1976. Apple’s annual revenue in 2019 was USD 260.2 billion. Apple is so successful, it has twice the amount of money than the U.S. Treasury.

Apple scored big time with the iPod. Apple was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne, and currently operates more than 500 retail stores worldwide. It creates consumer electronics, personal computers, servers, and computer software, and is a digital distributor of media content. As the market for personal computers expanded and evolved through the 1990s. Apple employs more people than a good sized city. Apple employs over 90,000 people. However, millions more make money from Apple. Apple’s first company logo featured a drawing of the father of physics, Sir Isaac Newton. Apple was the first to make a digital color camera. At present, It is the largest publicly traded company in the United States. It is the 3rd in the list of the largest manufacturing companies in the world.

  1. Samsung Electronics

Samsung Electronics is a South Korean multinational electronics company headquartered in Suwon, South Korea and 4th on list of the top manufacturing companies in the world. The company is known for its consumer electronics and electronic components including semiconductors, batteries, chips, flash memory, and more that it manufactures for major clients such as Sony, Apple, HTC and more. Samsung was founded in 1969 and brings in annual revenues of USD 221.6 billion. The company’s combined efforts employ over 489,000 people, across 80 different countries, including Korea. Samsung is way more than just an electronics and mobile producer. The Samsung Group has 59 unlisted companies and 19 listed, all with their primary listings on the Korea exchange.

The Samsung Group is a big part of South Korea’s GDP. On the Korean Stock Exchange, over 20 percent of its market value is based on various Samsung Group companies. Samsung’s electronic ambitions began in 1970 with a black and white TV. The first electronics product ever produced by Samsung was a black and white TV in 1970. Samsung may not be the first to make a smartphone, but it was one of the first players to truly get aggressive about the market, introducing the first “PDA phone” with a color display in the U.S. market in 2001; name is SPH-i300. The top selling Samsung mobile phone is the E1100. Notable Samsung industrial affiliates include Samsung Electronics, Samsung Heavy Industries and Samsung Engineering and Samsung C&T Corporation Other notable subsidiaries include Samsung Life Insurance Samsung Everland and Cheil Worldwide.

  1. Daimler Group

Daimler AG is a German multinational automotive corporation, headquartered in Stuttgart, Germany that specializes in manufacturing automotive products and parts. It is one of the world’s leading car and truck manufacturers. Daimler-Benz was formed with the merger of Benz & Cie. and Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft in 1926. This company brings in current annual revenues of USD 185.2 billion. Daimler owned or had shares in a number of car, bus, truck and motorcycle brands including Mercedes-Benz, Mercedes-AMG, Smart Automobile, Detroit Diesel, Freightliner, Western Star, Thomas Built Buses, Setra, BharatBenz, Mitsubishi Fuso, MV Agusta as well as shares in Denza, KAMAZ and BAIC Motor.

Daimler provides financial services through its Daimler Financial Services arm. Daimler manufactures commercial vehicles under brands such as Freightliner, Sterling, Western Star, Setra, Thomas Built Buses, Orion, and Fuso. Daimler designed a series of gasoline-powered engines in 1883 and received a German patent on a three-wheeled gasoline-powered vehicle in 1885. The first Daimler-produced luxury car was sold to the sultan of Morocco in 1889. The Benz company produced trucks as well as autos. Benz began producing trucks with fuel-saving diesel engines, which sprayed fuel oil into the combustion chamber under high pressure. With its divisions Mercedes-Benz Cars, Daimler Trucks, Mercedes-Benz Vans, Daimler Buses, and Daimler Financial Services, the Daimler Group is one of the biggest producers of premium cars and the world’s biggest manufacturer of commercial.

  1. General Motors

General Motors is the American multinational corporation headquartered in Detroit. It is commonly abbreviated as GM has a long history that begins in 1908 by By William C. Durant. Durant was a carriage maker who used to run his own company, Durant-Dort Carriage Co. His company was the biggest carriage maker in the world at the time when he finally decided to create General Motors. GM was responsible for creating the Lunar Roving Vehicle. Motors was then Buick’s holding company. Durant attempted to buy out rival carmaker Ford in 1907. Another first from Ford is the “hybrid” car, a car that runs on a traditional gasoline motor and an electric motor. Gm was the First Car Manufacturer to install turn signals inside their Cars. GM was the first to invent electric fuel invention, in 1979.

General Motors brings in annual revenues of USD 137.2 billion. This company also designs and distributes vehicle parts and sells financial service. Currently, GM produces vehicles in more than 37 countries across the globe. General Motors Corporation pens the mark of excellence in 1964. They Have Sold Many Auto Brands Throughout Their History. They Are Implementing Environmental Initiatives like they produced their first full-sized hybrid electric pickups in 2004.The company began developing all-electric cars during the 1990s. They have become known for their philanthropy and have donated millions of dollars to charity. One of the main causes they support is the Nature Conservancy. GM have Links to Medical Science Research.

  1. Ford Motor Company

Ford Motor Company is an American multinational automobile manufacturer that has its main headquarters in Dearborn, Michigan. The company was founded in 1903 and brings in annual revenues of USD 155.9 billion. It is one of the 10 largest manufacturing companies in the world. Ford F-Series has been consistently ranked as the number 1 selling car in America so far in 2013. Ford is the second largest family owned company in the world. Ford has had manufacturing operations worldwide, including in the United States, Canada, Mexico, China, India, the United Kingdom, Germany, Turkey, Brazil, Argentina, Australia, and South Africa. Henry Ford’s great grandson, William Clay Ford, Jr. currently resides as the company’s executive chairman. In 1919 the company was reincorporated, with Ford, his wife, Clara, and his son, Edsel, acquiring full ownership. The American automaker has been around for over 116 years, creating some of the most iconic cars, beating the indispensable Ferrari at Le Mans, and even building airplanes. In 1966, when Ford entered the race with its GT40, it won the title to end Ferrari’s six-year win streak.

The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand, and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand. The company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is controlled by the Ford family. In 2008, Ford produced more than 5.532 million automobiles. Ford also has a cooperative agreement with Russian automaker GAZ. The Ford Motor Company has a history that spans 115 years. It is recognized by people all around the world. Edison Illuminating Company became intrigued by gasoline-powered vehicles and was working on his dream of creating a horseless carriage. Henry Ford attempted to create a small “utopian”-type village in the Amazonian jungle of Brazil in 1928. Ford was the type of man who was always into inventing and expanding his reach, and he ultimately held 161 different patents in his life. There are a limited number of Ford GTs built every year, and no regular joe can go out and just buy one.

  1. Hon Hai Precision Industry

8th on this list is Taiwanese multinational electronics contract manufacturer, Hon Hai Precision Industry, also known as Foxconn. This company’s headquarters are in Tucheng District, New Taipei and is known for manufacturing electronic components, PCBs, PCB components, computer chips for its clients from all over the world. It was founded in on February 20, 1974 and brings in annual revenues of USD 154.7 billion. It employs more than 1 million workers in China, its main production base. The company produces smartphones, tablet computers and television sets for clients from around the world. It made a full-scale move into contract manufacturing in the 1990s. Business ties with Apple deepened in the 2000s.

Hon Hai is looked to relocate some production to India and Southeast Asian countries because of rising labor costs in China. Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. engages in the design, development and manufacturing of nanotechnology, heat transfer, wireless connectivity and material sciences products. Its products include cables, connectors, and personal computer components. The company was founded by Terry Gou. It’s a supplier for Apple, Amazon, Xiaomi, and Sony’s Playstation. At a time when the smartphone market is reaching saturation, Foxconn is planning to invest in electric vehicles, robotics, digital health, and artificial intelligence as part of its “Foxconn 3.0 vision.”

  1. Honda

Honda Motor Company is 9th on this list of largest manufacturing companies by revenue. Honda is a Japanese public multinational conglomerate corporation primarily known as a manufacturer of automobiles, motorcycles, and power equipment. The company was founded in Hamamatsu, Japan in 1946. Honda’s other manufacturing divisions include Acura, Honda Aircraft Company, Honda Automobiles, and Honda Motorcycles. Honda Motor Company became the world’s largest motorcycle manufacturer in 1964. The 1982 model was produced in Honda’s Marysville, Ohio plant. It involved in the manufacturing of other products like watercraft, ATVs, aircraft, mountain bikes, lawn equipment, and solar cells. They even created a humanoid robot called ASIMO.

Honda is the largest engine manufacturer in the world, It makes over 14 million engines a year. HA-420 HondaJet is powered by Honda engines. Honda made the first four-wheel drive car, It was the 1987 Honda Prelude. Joe drove his 1997 Honda Accord reached over one million miles. The Honda Acura is the first Japanese automotive luxury brand in America in 1986. Honda Headquarters is in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It is reaching a production of 400 million by the end of 2019 and it is producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year. Honda has two joint-ventures in China: Dongfeng Honda and Guangqi Honda. Number of Employeesof Honda are 215,638. Honda started by manufacturing motorized bicycles. It produces many of its vehicles right here in the United States.

  1. Cardinal Health

Cardinal Health is an American multinational health care services company. It was founded in the year 1971. Cardinal Health brand portfolio is a comprehensive offering of clinician-preference, cost-efficient products, and physician-preferred items with low clinical differentiation, helping providers improve the bottom line while delivering high-quality care. It is also serving more than 100,000 locations. It operates the largest network of radiopharmacies in the U.S. The company specializes in manufacturing medical and pharmaceutical products and brought in USD 136.8 billion in revenue last year.

Cardinal Health’s current headquarters are in Dublin, Ohio, U.S. It connects patients, providers, payers, pharmacists and manufacturers for integrated care coordination and better patient management. It provides medical products to over 75 percent of hospitals in the United States. The Cardinal Health Foundation is the charitable arm of Cardinal Health. The company makes annual product donations of over $9 million through international relief organizations and provides up to $1,000 in matching funds for every Cardinal Health employee that makes a charitable donation. Cardinal Health was named Benefactor of the Year at the 2011 Corporate Caring Awards.

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THE GREAT 10 MOST USED AND MOST DOWNLOADED MOBILE APPLICATIONS IN THE WORLD IN THE YEAR 2020

by Sree DivyaUncategorizedLeave a Comment on THE GREAT 10 MOST USED AND MOST DOWNLOADED MOBILE APPLICATIONS IN THE WORLD IN THE YEAR 2020

Now a days mobile apps are so useful in smartphones. Now we have come up with these apps everyone should have on the phone according to the most used apps in the world. These apps are make your phones and tablets smart, in terms of functionality and features. Each day hundreds of new applications are introducing in the market, but some of the apps are popular. Applications are useful for monetary purpose. Billions of people around the world are using smartphones and tablets. The competition of mobile applications is certainly fierce between mobile industry business rivals. The Play Store and App Store is flooded with a wider range of apps depending upon purposes such as business, entertainment, social media, education, games, and so on built to make life easier and comfortable. Top 10 most used and downloaded Mobile Apps in the World in the year 2020 are as follows.

1.WhatsApp

WhatsApp is one of the most well known and widely used chat apps in the world. WhatsApp is a messaging app for smartphones created in On February 24, 2009 by two former Yahoo employees, Brian Acton and Jan Koum. Koum named the app WhatsApp to sound like “what’s up”, he incorporated WhatsApp Inc. in California. This app initially focused on statuses. Users quickly came to use this as an instant messaging service, planting the seed for what the app would become. WhatsApp, is an American freeware, cross-platform centralized messaging and Voice over IP (VoIP) service owned by Facebook, Inc. It allows users to send text messages and voice messages, make voice and video calls, and share images, documents, user locations, and other media. WhatsApp 2.0 incorporated the messaging function that would come to be the app’s defining feature. WhatsApp was unique at the time, outside of Blackberry’s BBM, in providing a free message service that allowed users to log in with their phone number.

It is also supports communication between international phone networks. It is equipped with amazing chat features like video calling, audio calling, chat message deletion, emoticons, status, and more. WhatsApp has been ranked number 1 most downloaded mobile app among the users of all sections across the world. In the year 2018, 22 million of WhatsApp users were there. In the year 2019, 23.4 million of users were there. In the year 2020, 24.6 million of users were there and in the year 2021, 25.6 million of users are there. This growth has attracted money – even with practically nonexistent WhatsApp revenue. WhatsApp marched to ubiquitous status, ranking in the top three most-downloaded apps on both iOS and Android. By this point it wasn’t only venture capital firms who were interested in the messaging service. WhatsApp’s client application runs on mobile devices but is also accessible from desktop computers, as long as the user’s mobile device remains connected to the Internet while they use the desktop app. WhatsApp is on probably everyone’s smartphone today.

2.YouTube

Youtube is a great platform to watch a wide range of videos from wider industries. YouTube is an American online video-sharing platform headquartered in San Bruno, California. Three former PayPal employees Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim created the service in February 2005. Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion. The youtube mobile app has some extra features, like offline downloading and is a great platform to earn money for clients or businesses. It can be used to create an eLearning community. This makes it a top mobile app of 2019 and was downloaded the most after WhatsApp. It allows learners to make their own YouTube videos. It allows users to upload, view, rate, share, add to playlists, report, comment on videos, and subscribe to other users.

It offers a wide variety of user-generated and corporate media videos. Available content includes video clips, TV show clips, music videos, short and documentary films, audio recordings, movie trailers, live streams, cooking videos and other content such as video blogging, short original videos, and educational videos. As of October 2020, YouTube is the second-most popular website in the world, behind Google. Based on reported quarterly advertising revenue, YouTube is estimated to have US$15 billion in annual revenues. Adding YouTube videos to your eLearning course is an easy task, due to the variety of authoring tools and learning management systems out there. It generates and promotes online discussion. It is ideal for mobile learning. It allows for micro learning. It enhances comprehension of complex concepts.

3.Facebook

Facebook is the world’s most popular social networking website and application founded in 2004. Facebook app is available for Android, iOS, BlackBerry, and all other major mobile platforms. Facebook is an American online social media and social networking service based in Menlo Park, California, and a flagship service. It was founded by Mark Zuckerberg, along with fellow Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes. Facebook’s mission is to give people the power to build community and bring the world closer together. To stay connected with friends and family, to discover what’s going on in the world, and to share and express what matters to them. Facebook app is accessible from all significant mobile platforms. Not only Users can chat with each other and send each other private messages. Users can signal their approval of content on Facebook with the Like button, a feature that also appears on many other Web sites.

Facebook but its post launched messenger app is equally popular offering messaging facilities to Facebook clients. According to Statistics “Social media mobile apps are the most used app category and 81% of mobile users have Facebook installed in their mobile phones.” Previously, there was no separate app for messaging on Facebook but there is now, and it has become equally popular within a few years of its invention. It can be accessed from devices with Internet connectivity, such as personal computers, tablets and smartphones. After registering, users can create a profile revealing information about themselves. They can post text, photos and multimedia which is shared with any other users that have agreed to be their “friend”. As we evolve our journey to bring the world closer together. The company’s headquarters are in Menlo Park, California. Access to Facebook is free of charge, and the company earns most of its money from advertisements on the Web site.

4.Tiktok

Tik Tok is a social media platform for creating, sharing and discovering short music videos for the digital age. The app musical.ly was used by young people as an outlet to express themselves through singing, dancing, comedy, and lip-syncing. It offers newer and more unique ways to interact. Tik Tok is an international version of Douyin, which was originally released in the Chinese market in September 2016. It was launched in 2017 for iOS and Android in most markets outside of mainland China. This app is the most sensational app of the year 2019-20 and was the Most Downloaded App in the first month of 2020 surpassing even WhatsApp, Facebook and Youtube. Built by the Beijing-based firm ByteDance, the app offers a robust platform for users & businesses to create and share short videos with music. The best content gets viral in no time. The most famous genres here are lip-synching for dancing and dialogues of hit movies. TikTok or Douyin rapidly gained popularity in East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, the United States, Turkey, Russia, and other parts of the world.

As of October 2020, TikTok surpassed over 2 billion mobile downloads worldwide. According to AppTrace, TikTok jumped from 269th to 4th in global app download rank in February 2019. The app currently sits in fourth position. In 2020, the mobile app TikTok is the newest contender for the throne. A mix of music, lip sync videos, and micro-video content, TikTok is not an easy platform to understand at first glance. On 3 August 2020, US President Donald Trump threatened to ban TikTok in the United States on 15 September if negotiations for the company to be bought by Microsoft or a different “very American” company failed. This app has been banned by the government of India since June 2020. The TikTok app allows users to create 15 second videos, sound tracked by music clips. As of 2020, TikTok is one of the world’s best-loved apps.

5.Gmail

Gmail is a free email service provided and developed by Google. In many ways, Gmail is like any other email service. You can send and receive emails, block spam, create an address book, and perform other basic email tasks. But it also has some more unique features that help make it one of the most popular online email services. Call Phone is a feature is similar to voice chat, except that it allows you to dial an actual phone number to call any phone in the world. Gmail started as a limited beta release on April 1, 2004 and ended its testing phase on July 7, 2009. Every one of us is aware of this popular email messaging app by Google. Being first invented for the web, gmail now has a dedicated mobile app variant for most of the mobile platforms like Android and iOS. Gmail is the most used email app around the globe that offers ease-of-use saving you time and keeping your messages safe. Creating a Google account is needed to access Gmail because it is just one of the many services offered by Google to registered users. Signing up for a Google account is free and easy, and naming your new Gmail address will be a part of the sign-up process. Spam is another name for junk email.

An email conversation occurs whenever you send emails back and forth with another person or a group of people, often about a specific topic or event. Themes allow you to customize the look and feel of your Gmail account. Get creative and choose one of the colored or artistic THEMES for your Gmail page. Gmail uses labels to help you organize with more flexibility. A conversation can have several labels. With Gmail, your email is stored safely in the cloud. You can get to messages from any computer or device with a web browser. If your administrator allows, you can join or start a video meeting in Google Meet right from Gmail. Add Google Chat to your Gmail inbox and get all the features of Chat directly in Gmail. You can also quickly organize and find important email, as well as read and draft email without an internet connection. By October 2019, Gmail had 1.5 billion active users worldwide. Users can receive emails up to 50 megabytes in size, including attachments, while they can send emails up to 25 megabytes. In order to send larger files, users can insert files from Google Drive into the message.

6.Google Pay (Tez)

Google Pay is a Mobile Payment App by Google first launched in 2017 September with the name Tez. The app simplifies the way you transact with your money. With Google Pay, you can send and get cash rapidly, pay bills, purchase online, recharge Phone and dish, Pay at offline stores, Bank to bank cash transfer. Google Pay is a digital wallet and online payment system that’s developed by Google to make it easy for you to make purchases. It automatically syncs your saved credit cards wherever your Google account is logged in for quick payments, and it will import loyalty cards, tickets, and offers from your Gmail account. You need a debit / credit card or PayPal account, a Google account, and a supported Google Pay device.

You can even use it with an iOS device. Google protects your info like a temporary, encrypted number is shared with merchants, never the actual number. Google Pay is a digital wallet platform and online payment system developed by Google to power in-app and tap-to-pay purchases on mobile devices, enabling users to make payments with Android phones, tablets or watches. In addition to this, the service also supports passes such as coupons, boarding passes, student ID cards, event tickets, movie tickets, public transportation tickets, store cards, and loyalty cards. As of January 8, 2018, the old Android Pay and Google Wallet have unified into a single pay system called Google Pay. Google Pay was the most downloaded app worldwide for February 2020, followed by PhonePe with 15.6 million and 6 million installs respectively.

7.Instagram

This is a photo-sharing and social networking application that became popular mainly because of its high quality and unique features like square image format, filters, and the lack of a website variant. Instagram commonly abbreviated to IG or Insta. The Android version was released in April 2012. Posts can be shared publicly or with pre-approved fo llowers. Instagram, as of June 2020, has one billion active users across the world, comprising 52% females and 48% males. A picture is worth a thousand words. The Instagram logo, from all indication, has not lost its element of design. The current skewed-square and circle still represent the old Polaroid camera. The app presents a spectrum of social media opportunities when it comes to digital marketing through ads and tools. Instagram has over the years grown to become one of the most popular apps and added features such as stories, highlights, and reels. It is also recommended that you use hashtags to explore better. From news to entertainment and health to beauty, Instagram has tons of images on a vast array of subjects. Marketers are increasingly favoring the platform since it promises better ROI for their business. It owned by Facebook, created by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger and originally launched on iOS in October 2010. Users can browse other users’ content by tags and locations and view trending content. Users can like photos and follow other users to add their content to a feed. Instagram rapidly gained popularity. It works exactly like Snapchat Stories, allowing you to post 24-hour ephemeral photo and video slideshows that disappear. But because Instagram Stories appear at the top of the old feed, your followers will inevitably see them without you needing to build a new audience in a different app.

With 500 million monthly active users, 300 million daily actives and now 250 million users on its direct messaging feature, Instagram is enormous expansion for what Snapchat pioneered. The first prototype of Instagram was a web app called Burbn. The Instagram app was launched on Oct. 6, 2010, and racked up 25,000 users in one day. From the beginning, the primary focus of the app was to feature photographs, specifically those taken on mobile devices. Instagram is another successful start-up from Silicon Valley, the tech hub of the world. Instagram holds its success and popularity to its mobile-friendly interface. In February 2012, Instagram introduced ‘Lux Filler’ – a feature that lightens shadows, darkens highlights, and increases contrast. Instagram launched ‘Explore’-another powerful feature in June 2012. The ‘Explore’ feature displays popular photos, trending tags, curated contents, and it can search for locations. In November 2012, Instagram introduced ‘Website Profile’–a feature that allows people to see users’ feeds from a web browser. Six days after the release of the app on android phones, Mark Zuckerberg and his Facebook Empire bought Instagram for $1 billion in cash and stock.

8.Uber

Uber is the most used location-based taxi hiring app that permits clients to hire drivers, taxis, bikes, and shared rides for local and outstation travels. Uber and its competitors have made it possible to arrange car transportation from any location using a smartphone. The Uber mobile app is a safe, and cost-effective method for transporting within or outside your city. Available in 65 countries and over 600 cities worldwide, this location-based app is estimated to carry out a total of 14 million trips each day. Create an account. All you need is an email address and phone number. Enter your destination. Open the app and enter where you’re going in the Where to? Meet your driver. You can track their arrival on the map.

Uber and its competitors have dramatically changed the personal transportation industry in recent years, which has resulted in both benefits and drawbacks for customers and drivers. Individuals in need of a cab had to either physically wave at a taxi or call a local car service to reserve a car at least half an hour prior to the pickup time. Now E-hail services like Uber have made it possible to secure a car or taxi via a smartphone from any location. Generally, Uber is less expensive than traditional taxis and car services. Safety is the most important advantage for drivers working with Uber or other e-hail services. This type of personal transportation provides all the benefits of traditional taxi services with additional conveniences.

9.Amazon

Amazon is the largest Internet company by revenue in the world. It is the world’s largest online marketplace, AI assistant provider, live-streaming platform and cloud computing platform as measured by revenue and market capitalization. Zeff Bezos founded Amazon in 5th July 1994. It is the largest Internet company by revenue in the world. Amazon is the world’s leading eCommerce market place which is presently likewise accessible through a dedicated mobile app to focus on its mobile purchasers and sellers. Amazon.com, Inc. is an American multinational technology company based in Seattle, Washington. It mainly focuses on e-commerce, cloud computing, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence. It is considered one of the big five companies in the U.S. information technology industry, along with Google, Apple, Microsoft, and Facebook.

E-hail app users are able to hail a car from any location and have it arrive within minutes. Amazon was founded by Jeff Bezos in Bellevue, Washington, on July 5, 1994. The company started as an online marketplace for books but expanded to sell electronics, software, video games, apparel, furniture, food, toys, and jewelry. Amazon invested with over $278 million by opening two new centers in Italy (Novara and Modena) and creating over 1100 jobs in January 2021. SensorTower revealed ”The most downloaded shopping app worldwide for April 2019 was Amazon with more than 10.5 million installs, up 13 percent year-over-year from April 2018.” Amazon.com, online retailer, manufacturer of electronic book readers, and Web services provider that became the iconic example of electronic commerce. Its headquarters are in Seattle, Washington. Its considerable online presence is such that, in 2012, 1 percent of all Internet traffic in North America travelled in and out of Amazon.com data centres.

10.Netflix

It is an online video streaming website/app that lets you watch movies, videos, TV series, and other content from Netflix through your mobile phone or desktop or laptop. Launched in 2010, Netflix is available in 89+ countries with over 11 millions. The reality is that Netflix is a data-driven company. According to Forbes list, Netflix has over 236.6 million downloads, which bodes well for the big-spending media company’s 2020 monetization. On October 1, 2008, Netflix offered access to its service via a public application programming interface (API). In June 2012, a custom content delivery network called Open Connect was announced. You can watch Netflix through any internet connected device that offers the Netflix app, including smart TVs, game consoles, streaming media players, set-top boxes, smartphones, and tablets. You can also watch Netflix on your computer using an internet browser.

Each Netflix plan determines the number of devices you can watch Netflix on at the same time. Saying that Netflix chooses new content based on “whoever they can get a license with” is a very thin and vague statement. Netflix does need licenses from studios, but they don’t just pick movies and television shows at random. Netflix is the world’s leading internet television network, with more than 100 million members in more than 190 countries enjoying 125 million hours of TV shows and movies each day. Netflix uses AWS for nearly all its computing and storage needs, including databases, analytics, recommendation engines, video transcoding, and more hundreds of functions that in total use more than 100,000 server instances on AWS. The popularity of Netflix dramatically increased with the addition of streaming through an online queue. This led to the majority of Netflix users reliably streaming movies and television shows rather than receiving physical DVD discs by mail.

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THE GREAT TOP 10 DESIGNER JEWELERY BRANDS IN THE WORLD IN 2020

by Sree DivyaUncategorizedLeave a Comment on THE GREAT TOP 10 DESIGNER JEWELERY BRANDS IN THE WORLD IN 2020

Personal ornaments, such as necklaces, rings, or bracelets, that are typically made from or contain jewels and precious metal. From a western perspective, the term is restricted to durable ornaments. For many centuries metal such as gold used in different carats from 21, 18, 12, 9 or even lower, often combined with gemstones, has been the normal material for jewelery. Jewelery may be made from a wide range of materials. Gemstones and similar materials such as amber and coral, precious metals, beads, and shells have been widely used, and enamel has often been important. Despite sky-high prices, the demand for high-end designer men and women’s jewelry brands only continues to grow. With billions of dollars spent in this market annually, you may be considering making your first luxury jewelry purchase or adding to your ever growing collection. Ornamental pieces that are made of materials which may or may not be precious such as gold, silver, glass, and plastic, are often set with genuine or imitation gems, and are worn for personal adornment. It is often made of a valuable metal such as gold, and sometimes decorated with precious stones. Here are the top 10 designer jewelery brands in the World in the year 2020.

1.Tiffany & Co.

It is an American luxury jewellry and specialty retailer. First called Tiffany & Young, Tiffany & Co. began as a stationery and fancy goods store in New York. It sells jewelry, sterling silver, china, crystal, stationery, fragrances, water bottles, watches, personal accessories, and leather goods. Tiffany is known for its luxury goods, particularly its diamond and sterling silver jewelry. Initially with the help of Charles Tiffany’s father who financed the store for only $1,000 with profits from a cotton mill. The store initially sold a wide variety of stationery items, and operated as “Tiffany, Young and Ellis” as of 1838 at 259 Broadway in Lower Manhattan. Today, however, it is a household name that has been in business since 1837. Awarded for its silver craftsmanship, Tiffany and Co. remains America’s leading silversmith. The brand showcases their more extravagant and rarest of pieces in their annual Blue Book collection that started in 1845. Some of their most popular and famous pieces include the Return To Tiffany, Tiffany Key and Tiffany Soleste and of course, their signature 6 prong engagement rings. Tiffany & Co. is famed for their little blue box, synonymous with quality, luxury and style.

The name was shortened to Tiffany & Company in 1853. In 1878, Tiffany won the gold medal for jewelry and a grand prize for silverware at the Paris Exposition. In 1879, Tiffany purchased one of the world’s largest yellow diamonds which became known as the Tiffany Diamond. In November 2019, LVMH announced its purchase of Tiffany & Co for $16.2 billion. At the time, the deal was expected to close in June 2020. The deadline, however, had been extended twice. First to August 24, 2020 and later to November 24, 2020, but, in early September 2020, LVMH stated that the purchase would not be concluded; Tiffany filed a lawsuit in response. In late October 2020, LVMH agreed to purchase Tiffany & Co for reduced price of $15.8 billion Tiffany operates 326 stores globally in countries such as the United States, Japan, and Canada, as well as Europe, the Latin America and Pacific Asia regions. Range of price is $15,500-$15 million. Most expensive Tiffany & Co. piece sold at auction is A platinum round 3.09-carat diamond solitaire ring with VS1 clarity, sold at $60,000 in 2016.

2.Harry Winston

Mr. Winston’s innovative design philosophy in which the individual gemstones, rather than the metal settings, would dictate each design helped to revolutionize fine jewelry designs, and remains at the cornerstone of a timeless aesthetic that continues to inspire all Harry Winston creations. Winston’s father Jacob started a small jewelry business after he and Winston’s mother immigrated to the United States from Ukraine. While growing up, he worked in his father’s shop. When he was twelve years old, he recognized a two-carat emerald in a pawn shop, bought it for 25 cents, and sold it two days later for $800. Winston started his business in 1920 and opened his first store as in New York City in 1932 with Harry Winston itself, as the founder. Winston was among the most noted jewelers in the world, well-known to the general public. He was soon crowned the “King of Diamonds” and “Jeweler to the Stars” for his high-end creations. Harry Winston was an American jeweler. He donated the Hope Diamond to the Smithsonian Institution in 1958 after owning it for a decade.

He also traded the Portuguese Diamond to the Smithsonian in 1963 in exchange for 3,800 carats of small diamonds. From the acquisition of some of the world’s most famous gemstones, including the Jonker, Hope, and Winston Legacy Diamonds, to adorning generations of famous faces, from Hollywood legends to international Heads of State, for over eight decades, the Harry Winston name has been synonymous with the best that there is. One of the most notable pieces he acquired was the 45.42 carat Hope Diamond, a heart-shaped greyish-blue diamond crown centerpiece, which was passed along to King George IV of the United Kingdom. Today, it is found in Washington DC as part of the Smithsonian Institution displays. the House of Harry Winston continues its tradition of creativity, rarity, and quality without compromise in its retail salons around the world, including: New York, London, Paris, Geneva, Tokyo, Hong Kong, and Shanghai. Range of price is $4,000-$20 million. Most expensive The Gulf Pearl Parure, a 325-carat natural pearl and diamond parure sold at $4,189,165 in 2006 by Harry Winston.

3.Cartier

Founded in 1847 by Louis Francois Cartier, the brand earned its reputation as “The Jeweler of Kings, the King among Jewelers,” pioneering the combination of platinum and diamond. House of Cartier is identified with quality, prestige, and history, and has served as crown jeweler to 19 royal houses. Cartier is one of the world’s leading luxury goods companies. The company designs, manufactures, and distributes jewelry, watches, fragrance, pens, lighters, silver, and crystal. Their most notable lines include the Love collection, Juste un Clou and Panthere. These distinctive collections are widely popular with celebrities with variations available in different color golds and with or without diamond embellishment. Although wristwatches had been in stock since 1888, they became popular only with Cartier’s introduction of the Santos watch in 1911.

The prototype model was a gift from Louis Cartier to Brazilian aviator Alberto Santos-Dumont. Other products introduced by Cartier were the Tank watch and the “Love Bracelet.” Cartier was extremely creative during Louis’s management. For its “Jewels of the Nile” exhibition in New York, the store was completely decorated in an Egyptian theme, complete with a pyramid and two live peacocks. This jewelry collection was a more modern version of Louis Joseph Cartier’s designs from the early 1900s. Most expensive Cartier sold at auction A 25.6-carat Burmese Ruby, called the Sunrise Ruby. It was dubbed as the most expensive ruby, gemstone, and non-diamond gemstone in the world, and sold at $30,335,698 in 2015. Range of price is $1,000-$2.76 million.

4.Chopard

Louis-Ulysse Chopard is the son of a farmer from Sonvilier, quickly conquered Switzerland and the world at the age of 24. The artisan watchmaker created works of art with innovative designs, which early on helped him export to such illustrious places as the court of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia. Qualities like precision and reliability were very sought-after characteristics in watches, dating all the way back to the 19th century. With unique chronometers and pocket watches, Louis-Ulysse Chopard aimed to fulfill and exceed these “desires”. Chopard is a Swiss brand started by Louis-Ulysse Chopard in the 1860s, originally known for creating watches and pocket watches for women. Chopard’s Independence allows it to support crafts with a glorious past that are a source of great pride today. The company is headquartered in Geneva and has a site in Fleurier, Canton of Neuchatel, that manufactures watch movements. When Chopard was sold to Karl Scheufele in 1963, the brand was noted for its Art-Deco inspired timepieces and Happy Diamonds line. The Maison’s independence has guided its development strategy since its founding, an approach made possible by a family shareholding structure.

Chopard has become more well known for its red carpet appearances and A-lister connections in terms of its stunning jewellery, its watch division is where the brand first started and gained its reputation. This is expressed through the watch industry’s highest level of vertical integration. Everything sold by Chopard is made in one of its three production sites, a unique phenomenon within the profession. This policy goes hand in hand with a culture of craftsmanship. The brand’s signature free floating diamonds behind the watch glass was created in the mid 1970s. It is now the corporate partner the Cannes Film Festival, official timekeeper of the Grand Prix of Monaco and the Mille Miglia. Chopard prides itself on the use of ethically sourced gold and aims to eventually use sustainable gold across all pieces that they produce. Range of price is $2,000-$16.26 million. Most expensive suite of Emerald and Diamond jewels, sold at $1,171,932.51 by Chopard.

5.Van Cleef & Arpels

Van Cleef & Arpels is a French luxury jewelry, watch, and perfume company. After their marriage in 1895, Alfred van Cleef and Estelle Arpels started a luxurious line in 1906 that still exists today. Opening their first store in Place Vendome in Paris, in the 1940s Van Cleef and Arpel in Palm Beach followed by New York. On 2 December 1933, this company received French Patent No. 764,966 for a proprietary gem setting style it calls Serti Mysterieux, or “Mystery Setting”, a technique employing a setting where the prongs are invisible. Each stone is faceted onto gold rails less than two-tenths of a millimeter thick. The technique can require 300 hours of work per piece or more, and only a few are produced each year. Diamonds were still used, but only as highlights. These attractive and wearable jewels were very popular in the 1950s, as confidence returned to a world.

Initially it was only possible to use this new setting on a flat surface such as a box or minaudiere but as the ‘Mystery Set’ technique evolved it was used on more challenging curved surfaces. Emeralds are particularly difficult to cut and match in colour compared to sapphires or rubies, and are thus used more rarely. Among some of the exceptional accomplishments of this maison is their patented, innovative creation called Mystery Set. Van Cleef and Arpels are renowned for their playful use of animals, flowers and nature in their designs. The iconic Ballerina brooch was first conceived in New York in 1940, inspired by Louis Arpels and his nephew Claude, who were friends of George Balanchine, co-founder of the School of American Ballet. Range of price is $1,500-$490,000. Most expensive Van Cleef & Arpels sold at auction 8.24-carat Ruby and Diamond ring, sold at $4,226,500 in 2011.

6.Graff

Graff origins began in England in 1960, when Laurence Graff founded the company. Graff is a British multinational jeweller based in London. The brand is famous for its large diamond designs and also widely known for buying and resetting prominent diamonds. Graff has over 50 stores around the world including New York, Las Vegas, Melbourne, Monte Carlo, Courchevel, Kiev, Beijing and Taipei. Graff has corporate offices in London, New York, Geneva, Hong Kong and Tokyo. A member of the Graff family oversees every stage of a diamond’s journey, from the sourcing of the rough stone through to the cutting, polishing and final setting of each bridal jewel. Believed by many to be the bearer of good fortune, the butterfly is a signature motif at Graff from which countless creative visions take flight. In 1973 Graff became the first jeweller to receive the Queen’s Award to Industry and Export.

Some of the most famous Graff diamonds have included the Graff Pink, a pink emerald cut diamond of over 20 ct, and the Delaire Sunrise, the largest emerald cut Fancy Vivid Yellow diamond in the world. A vertically integrated company, Graff operations comprise the design, manufacture and retail distribution of jewellery and watches. Graff adheres to the Kimberley Process, never knowingly buying or trading rough diamonds from areas where this would encourage conflict or human suffering. The majority of Graff diamonds are laser engraved with unique Gemological Institute of America (GIA) tracking numbers, which whilst invisible to the naked eye, allow for their origin to be traced. Range of price is $1,350-$46.2 million. Most expensive Graff sold at auction The Graff Pink, a rare 24.78-carat pink diamond is sold at $46 million in 2017.

7.David Yurman

David Yurman Enterprises is a privately held American designer jewelry company. This line was founded by David and Sybil Yurman in 1980. It has been known to sculpt designs reminiscent of the American Craft Movement. One of the popular designs is their signature cable bracelet in sterling silver and gold, embellished with colored gems. The brand uses bright colors and playful, structured designs. Great for everyday wear and especially for stacking bracelets, David Yurman is a popular choice for men and women of all ages. In 1983, Yurman introduced what became his signature piece, the cable bracelet: a twisted helix adorned with gemstones on its end caps. He called the bracelet and related designs “Renaissance,” and it has become one of his most enduring collections. Created through an innovative process Yurman pioneered, the cable motif was awarded two rare design trademarks in the United States since it was instantly recognizable as his signature form. His cable design evolved to become the thread that connects all of his collections.

In the early 1970s, Yurman and Kleinrock moved to Carmel in upstate New York and formed a company called Putnam Art Works which specialized in sculptural jewelry. Throughout the next decade they exhibited their jewelry designs, sculptures, and paintings at various galleries and craft fairs. They became key figures in the American craft movement. Through Putnam Art Works, the Yurmans learned the marketplace for fine crafts and artisanal jewelry. During the 1980s and 1990s, the David Yurman company was at the forefront of the emerging category of American designer jewelry. There are currently 33 David Yurman boutiques in the United States and 11 international boutiques. The Yurmans formalized a lifelong commitment to charitable causes by establishing the David & Sybil Yurman Humanitarian and Arts Foundation in 2001. David Yurman also created a pin for the Silver Shield Foundation benefitting the families of New York City firefighters and policemen. Range of price is $300-$50,000. Most expensive David Yurman sold at auction18K Gold, Diamond, and Citrine interchangeable necklace is sold at $7,380.

8.Buccellati

Buccellati Holding Italia is an Italian jewellery and watch company formed by the merger of two previous companies with existing brands Mario Buccellati and Gianmaria Buccellati, which corresponded to the names and surname of two master goldsmiths: father and son. They use their unique engraving skills. In the mid eighteenth, century Contargo Buccellati worked as a goldsmith in Milan. In 1909, at the age of 12, Mario Buccellati apprenticed with the highly respected firm, Beltrami & Beltrami, in Milan. In 1919, Buccellati took over the firm and renamed it Buccellati. Buccellati designs Italian jewels in gold, silver, and platinum. The brand has grown globally and is known for its pieces that reflect Old Hollywood design that takes inspiration from animals and insects. By the 1950s Buccellati had expanded to the US with stores in New York and Florida. Their first watch collection is launched in 2001 in Geneva.

In 1949, Mario Buccellati was commissioned to create an icon by Pope Pius XII for Princess Margaret to mark the extraordinary power of the first visit of a British Royal to Vatican City in hundreds of years. This magnificent work of art can be admired today at the Chianciano Art Museum in Tuscany. In December 2016, China’s Gansu Gangtai Holding Group bought a controlling 85% share in Buccellati. In September 2019, Compagnie Financière Richemont acquired 100% of Buccellati from Gangtai. Family run house Buccellati was founded in 1919 and still uses centuries-old Italian techniques to create its fine jewelry. Inspired by Renaissance and Venetian designs, each piece is uniquely engraved as a mark of the artisans’ meticulous hand-craftsmanship. Katerina Perez also visited the Buccellati boutique in Paris to talk to the designer about her passions, inspiration and the Buccellati brand and to find out what role jewellery plays in her life. Range of price is $2,000-$50,000. Most expensive Buccellati sold at auction Gold Buccellati bracelet, sold at $72,100.

9.Bvlgari

Bvlgari, also spelled Bulgari, is famed for its colored gemstones and diamonds. Bulgari is an Italian luxury brand known for its jewellery, watches, fragrances, accessories and leather goods. Since its creation in 1884, it has been a crowd favorite among clients seeking brightly-colored, large pieces with chromatic effect. It’s also because of this brand that the cabochon cut, a popular gemstone cut in antique times, was reestablished. Bulgari was founded in the region of Epirus, Greece, in 1884 by the silversmith Sotirios Boulgaris. During the 1970s, Bulgari stores opened in New York, Geneva, Monte Carlo and Paris.

Bulgari has about 300 stores. The largest is the 10-storey Bulgari Ginza Tower in Tokyo, 940 square meters of retail floor space. The Bulgari Art Award is an annual art award in partnership with the Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. At that time it was only the jewelery shop over the years and become an international brand. Bulgari produced with Luxottica, and Bulgari formed a joint venture with Marriott International in 2001 to launch its hotel brand, Bulgari Hotels & Resorts, a collection of properties and resort destinations around the world. Range of price is $1,000-$12 million. Most expensive Bvlgari sold at auction 57.72-carat Bvlgari Sapphire Suitor sold at $5,906,500 in 2011.

10.Boucheron

Boucheron is a French luxury jewellery and watches house located in Paris, 26 Place Vendome, owned by Kering. Finishing off our list of the top 10 designer jewelry brands is Boucheron. Founded by Frederic Boucheron in 1858 in Paris, France, his designs were influenced by Egyptian and Asian art, thus, creating unfamiliar stone combinations such as onyx and diamonds. He was also first to merge bronze, ivory, and gold. In 1879, Boucheron developed a clasp-less necklace, which was part of its show which won a Grand Prix for Outstanding Innovation in a Jewellery Collection at the 1889 World’s Fair. In 1878, the Russian Prince Felix Youssoupoff purchased a corsage decorated with 6 detachable diamond bows during one of his visits to Paris. In 1921, Boucheron was commissioned to make a tiara for Lady Greville which was later given to Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. Queen Elizabeth also has a collection of Boucheron jewels.

It has 34 boutiques worldwide and an online e-commerce website launched in 2007. Boucheron makes watches, and jewellery, and licenses its marque for perfumes. In a joint venture with the mobile phone brand Vertu, Boucheron created the world’s first High Jewellery limited edition cell phones out of gold and precious stones. There are only eight pieces of the Cobra model in rose gold set all round with rubies and a pear-cut diamond and emerald eyes. Range of price is $1,000-$285,000. Most expensive Boucheron sold at auction Diamond, Emerald, and Enamel Brooch, sold at $55,974.57.

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THE GREAT 10 LARGEST FISH SPICES LIVING TODAY IN THE WORLD

by Sree DivyaUncategorizedLeave a Comment on THE GREAT 10 LARGEST FISH SPICES LIVING TODAY IN THE WORLD

A fish is an animal which lives and breathes in water. All fish are vertebrates and most breathe through gills and have fins and scales. Fish are cold-blooded, which means their internal body temperature changes as the surrounding temperature changes. The 25,000 known species of fish are divided into three main groups. There are three classes of fish: jawless, cartilaginous, and bony. All fish have a backbone. Fish have been on the earth for more than 500 million years. Fish were well established long before dinosaurs roamed the earth. 40% of all fish species inhabit fresh water, yet less than .01% of the earth’s water is fresh water. Fish have a specialized sense organ called the lateral line which works much like radar and helps them navigate in dark or murky water. Fish have excellent senses of sight, touch, taste and many possess a good sense of smell and ‘hearing’. Fish feel pain and suffer stress just like mammals and birds. Fish eat other fish, fish eggs, mollusks, aquatic plants, algae, zooplankton, terrestrial insects, water birds, turtles, frogs, snakes and mice. Living species range from the primitive jawless lampreys and hagfishes through the cartilaginous sharks, skates, and rays to the abundant and diverse bony fishes. Around 99% of living fish species are ray-finned fish. Fish can communicate in their underwater environments through the use of acoustic communication. Acoustic communication in fish involves the transmission of acoustic signals from one individual of a species to another. It can be found in nearly all aquatic environments, from high mountain streams to the abyssal and even hadal depths of the deepest oceans. Fish are an important resource for humans worldwide, especially as food. Commercial and subsistence fishers hunt fish in wild fisheries or farm them in ponds or in cages in the ocean. Tropical fish are one of the most popular pets in the U.S. The great 10 Largest fish species living today are as follows.

1.Whale Shark

It is also the largest extant non-mammalian vertebrate species on our planet. Whale sharks may grow up to 40 feet and weigh as much as 40 tons by some estimates. The whale shark is found in the warm tropical oceans open waters and can be found in the temperatures of about 68-77° Fahrenheit. Fish are usually covered with scales. They have two sets of paired fins and several unpaired fins. A fish takes in the oxygen from the water using gills. The whale shark and basking shark exceed all other fish by a considerable margin in weight and length. The Rhincodon typus, which can grow up to 41.5 feet and weigh as much as 21.5 tons, is the biggest fish species living today.

They have broad, flat heads with short snouts and their backs have an interesting white, yellow, and grey checkerboard pattern. These fish can live for up to 70 years. Despite their massive size, the fish are rarely a threat to humans. Whale sharks eat mostly small organisms like plankton, schooling fish, and squid, which they strain from the water as they swim with their meter-long mouths and specialized teeth. They feed mainly on plankton. The species are labelled as an endangered species by the IUCN. Bycatch losses, vessel strikes, low multiplication rate are only some of the factors threatening the future survival of the species. Whale sharks, which give live birth to hundreds of small babies.

2.Basking Shark

The Cetorhinus maximus can attain lengths of about 20 to 26 feet and weigh almost 19 tons, making the species the second biggest extant fish species in the world. It grows upto a maximum length of 45 feet and weight of 10,000 pounds (4.5 metric tons).This migratory shark species is found throughout the temperate oceans of the world. Like the whale shark, it feeds exclusively on planktons. A filter-feeder, the shark feeds near the surface of the water as if it was basking in the sun, hence the name. The basking shark has been labelled as a vulnerable species by the IUCN. The whale shark and basking shark exceed all other fish by a considerable margin in weight and length. It is usually greyish-brown, with mottled skin. It is one of three plankton-eating shark species, along with the whale shark and megamouth shark. They are quite harmless.

They spend most of their time near the surface, swimming with their extraordinarily large mouths open, filtering out their preferred prey, but they may also make deeper, feeding dives. Several countries have given them some or complete legal protection, legal fisheries still exist in other places, and occasionally, basking sharks are captured unintentionally in other fisheries. Basking sharks give birth to only a few, quite large babies. Basking sharks have been observed leaping out of the water, which may be a way of getting rid of parasites. Basking sharks have massive livers that make up 25 percent of their body weight. It is estimated that basking sharks live for about 50 years. Years of heavy commercial exploitation for food, shark liver oil, shark fin and also threats from fishing, bycatch losses, and more have reduced the population of the species.

3.Great White Shark

The great white shark is the world’s largest known predatory fish. It has 300 teeth, yet does not chew its food. The Carcharodon carcharias is found in the coastal waters of all the oceans where water temperature ranges between 12 and 24 °C. Most shark-related attacks on humans are associated with this shark species since it lives in coastal areas where encounters with humans are more frequent. However, humans are not the preferred prey of this species but still unprovoked attacks by the great white are quite common. Great white sharks can be found throughout the world’s oceans, mostly in cool waters close to the coast. These super swimmers are the largest predatory fish (fish that eat other fish or animals) on our planet. Some specimens of the species have been found to be 20 feet long and weigh about 3.3 tons. Generally, however, individuals are about 13 feet in length. The great white shark can live for over 70 years. The great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), also known as the great white. These fish feed on a variety of prey species including the seabirds. Larger white sharks will also prey on sea lions, seals, and small toothed whales like orcas.

The great white shark is the apex predator in its ecosystem but occasionally killer whales are known to kill these sharks. The great white shark is also a vulnerable species subjected to the same threats as the species mentioned above. Great white sharks can swim at speeds of 25 km/hr (16 mph) for short bursts and to depths of 1,200 m (3,900 ft). ‘Great white shark’ is the most commonly used variant among common people, likely because the addition of the word “great” stresses the size of the species. The great white shark was one of the species originally described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae, in which it was identified as an amphibian. He assigned the scientific name Squalus carcharias, Squalus being the genus that he placed all sharks in. By the 1810s, it was recognized that the shark should be placed in a new genus, but it was not until 1838 when Sir Andrew Smith coined the name Carcharodon as the new genus. Great white sharks are grey with a white underbelly, from where they get their name. They have a streamlined shape and powerful tails. They can even leave the water completely, breaching like whales when attacking prey from underneath. Of the 100-plus annual shark attacks worldwide, a third to a half are attributed to great white sharks.

  1. Tiger Shark

The Galeocerdo cuvier or the “Sea Tiger” is the fourth largest fish species living today. It can attain a length of more than 16 ft and weigh around 3 tons. Tiger sharks can grow up to 18 feet (5.5 m) long. The populations of this species are widely distributed in the tropical and temperate oceans with larger populations living around the islands in the central Pacific Ocean. It is often called the man-eater shark. Tiger shark teeth are unique with very sharp, pronounced serrations and an unmistakable sideways-pointing tip. They play an important role in ecosystem function.
Younger sharks exhibit black tiger-like stripes on the body which disappear with age. These stripes give the species its name. It is notable for having the widest food spectrum of all sharks, with a range of prey that includes crustaceans, fish, seals, birds, squid, turtles, sea snakes, dolphins, and even other smaller sharks.

It also has a reputation as a “garbage eater”. Sadly, the tiger shark is also threatened by human activities that make it a near threatened species on the IUCN Red List. The tiger shark is responsible for the second-highest number of attacks on humans after the great white shark. A tiger shark generally has long fins to provide lift as the shark maneuvers through water, while the long upper tail provides bursts of speed. The skin of a tiger shark can typically range from blue to light green with a white or light-yellow underbelly. Female tiger sharks have anywhere from 10 to 82 embryos and give birth to an average of 30 to 35 pups per litter. Tiger sharks live in shallow, coastal waters, but have been seen 1,150 feet (350 m) deep. The dark stripes on their sides and backs, which is one way they can be distinguished from other shark species. These large, slow-moving sharks live all over the world in sub-tropical waters.

  1. Giant Oceanic Manta Ray

The Manta birostris is a ray species that ranks as the fifth largest fish species in the world. It is therefore the biggest species of ray and can be as big as 23 feet and weigh around 3 tons. These rays live in the tropical and subtropical oceans. Giant manta rays can dive more than 3,280 feet (1,000 m) underwater, but typically feed only 33 feet (10 m) deep. The manta rays feed mainly on plankton and swim alone or in groups with other members of the same species or other marine species. Although the manta ray has few predators in the water, humans are responsible for a steep decline in their population due to irresponsible fishing practices. It is dorsoventrally flattened and has large, triangular pectoral fins on either side of the disc. At the front, it has a pair of cephalic fins which are forward extensions of the pectoral fins. These can be rolled up in a spiral for swimming or can be flared out to channel water into the large, forward-pointing, rectangular mouth when the animal is feeding. It has a small dorsal fin and the tail is long and whip-like.

The manta ray does not have a spiny tail as do the closely related devil rays. The colouring of the dorsal (upper) surface is black, dark brown, or steely blue, sometimes with a few pale spots and usually with a pale edge. The ventral surface is white, sometimes with dark spots and blotches. it has been recorded as far north as southern California and New Jersey in the United States, Aomori Prefecture in Japan, the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt, and the Azores in the northern Atlantic. In the Southern Hemisphere, it occurs as far south as Peru, Uruguay, South Africa, and New Zealand. When traveling in deep water, the giant oceanic manta ray swims steadily in a straight line, while further inshore it usually basks or swims. Giant manta rays have one of the lowest fecundity of all elasmobranchs, typically only giving birth to one pup every two to three years. There are reports of giant mantas living to at least 40 years. Giant manta rays have the biggest brains of any fish studied so far. They use that brain power to learn, exercise their memory, distinguish between objects and even recognize themselves in the mirror.

  1. Ocean Sunfish

The Mola mola is the world’s largest living bony fish. Adults of this species weigh around 2.3 tons and can grow up to a maximum length of 10.8 ft. The truth about sunfish is that they are far more amazing, and capable animal. They have no true tail, and instead look like a fish that has been cut in half. Due to their unique shape, the fish can attain a height equivalent to their length. These fish inhabit the world’s tropical and temperate oceans. Although they have few natural predators, they are subjected to great threats due to human activities like fishing. Thus, the IUCN has labelled the species as vulnerable. They feed on massive quantities of sea jelly. Sunfish are consumed largely small fishes, fish larvae, squid, and crustaceans.

Its scientific name, mola, is Latin for “millstone”, which the fish resembles because of its grey color, rough texture, and rounded body. They are a silvery color and have a rough skin texture. Their teeth are fused into a beak-like structure, and they are unable to fully close their relatively small mouths. Its common English name, sunfish, refers to the animal’s habit of sunbathing at the surface of the water. This family comprises three genera: Masturus, Mola and Ranzania. Unlike most fish, the sunfish swings its dorsal fin and anal fin in a characteristic sculling motion. Ocean sunfish use their dorsal and anal fins as a primary means to move. Sometimes ocean sunfish swim along the ocean surface. They are commonly observed off the coast of Southern California, Indonesia, the British Isles, Southern coast of Africa the Northern and Southern Isles of New Zealand. Females of the species can produce more eggs than any other known vertebrate, up to 300,000,000 at a time.

7.Sharptail Mola

The Masturus lanceolatus is a mola species that lives in the world’s tropical and temperate marine waters. It is similar in appearance to the ocean sunfish , but can be distinguished by the projection on its clavus . It has an oval body with an evenly convex forehead profile. Their skin is covered with small dermal denticles that are finer than those of the ocean sunfish. The sharptail mola (Masturus lanceolatus) is also very large. Molas have a distinctive bullet-shaped appearance, with a short body that ends abruptly in a thick rudder like structure called a clavus just behind the tall triangular dorsal and anal fins. Since the species is elusive in nature, it is rarely sighted and hence little understood. The fish can attain a length of about 11 feet and weigh as much as 2 tons.

The sharptail mola feeds on a wide variety of species including annelids, sponges, fishes, etc. Molas are the largest of the bony fishes, and they are separated into three genera: Mola, Masturus, and Ranzania. It has recently become important to commercial fisheries operating off eastern Taiwan. This species is the only member of its genus. During the day, they spend most of their time in depths of 5-200 meters (16–656 feet), preferring water temperatures above 20 degrees Celsius, but making frequent dives in cool, deep waters, perhaps to avoid feeding or hunting. Their skin is covered with a small dermal denticle which is finer than the sea sunflower. Sharptail mola’s swim mode is just like any other sea sunfish, it uses the long surface and the scaling speed of anus to propel itself through the water.

  1. Hoodwinker Sunfish

The Mola tecta have been recently discovered and hence little is known about its behavior. However, it is ranked as one of the biggest fish species known to us. The hoodwinker sunfish is a congener of the more widely known ocean sunfish, Mola mola. It has a smooth body shape, no bump and has a maximum length of 242cm (about 7.9 feet). It is closely related to the more widely known ocean sunfish. The fish is found in the oceanic waters of the Southern Hemisphere where it preys on salps. These are mostly discovered in the temperate region of Southern Hemisphere in the water near Australia, New Zealand Southern Chile and Southern Africa. It does not have spines in its fins nor real caudal fin. Compared to other Mola species, Mola tecta is slimmer, has a sleeker adult body shape and lacks a protruding snout and lumps along the tail fin.

It reaches up to three meters in length and weighing up to two tonnes (2.0 long tons; 2.2 short tons). The hoodwinker sunfish was the first new species of sunfish . They have attracted interest for centuries because of their unique shape and large size. These beautiful giants Mola tecta can be identified from its rounded clavus edge with indent, 15-17 clavus fin rays and its body scales are raised conical midpoints. Mola tecta, the hoodwinker sunfish is a deep-sea fish with gigantic body size. Discovered on a beach near Christchurch, New Zealand in 2015, Mola tecta, the hoodwinker sunfish is the first species to identify sunfish in 130 years. Mola tecta are found mostly in equatorial regions of the Southern Hemisphere in waters close to Australia, New Zealand, southern Chile, and South Africa. It was first described by Marine Naigard, a sea scientist. Mole tech is hard to study because they are hard to find and their huge size makes them difficult to store.

  1. Beluga Sturgeon

A critically endangered species, the Huso huso belongs to the sturgeon family. The beluga sturgeon is one of the only species of sturgeons that actively eats other fishes and is one of the largest predatory fishes on Earth. The common name for the sturgeon, as for the unrelated beluga whale, is derived from the Russian word, meaning “white”, probably referring to the extensive pale colour on the flanks and belly in beluga compared to other sturgeons. It has elongated body, heterocercal tail, partially cartilaginous skeleton, naked skin, longitudinal series of scutes. The habitat of the fish is restricted to the Black, Caspian and Adriatic Seas. Humans have heavily exploited this species for the beluga caviar, a highly-priced delicacy. The unregulated fishing of this species and poaching activities have severely reduced the populations of this fish leading to an urgent need to protect the species from commercial exploitation.

The fish is also a late-maturing species with a long lifespan. It migrates upstream in rivers for laying eggs. Other fish and rarely waterfowl constitutes its prey base. The largest known specimen of the beluga sturgeon has been found to be 23.6 ft long and weigh 1,571 kg. Heavily fished for the female’s valuable roe, known as beluga caviar, wild populations have been greatly reduced by overfishing and poaching. The sturgeons are a very old group of fishes (over 200 million years old) and make up one of the most primitive lineages of bony fishes. beluga sturgeon produce millions of eggs. The amount of eggs that a single beluga sturgeon can produce makes this species the most valuable fish in the world to fishers. That value may be the beluga sturgeon’s doom. When preparing to spawn upriver, the beluga sturgeon is easy to capture, by harpoon or in nets. The largest of all sturgeon species is the most prestigious of all due to its caviar, once the most expensive food product in the world.

  1. Reef Manta Ray

The Manta alfredi is the second biggest species of ray and the tenth biggest fish species living in the world today. It is one of the largest rays in the world. The fish is generally found in the tropical and subtropical marine waters but are absent in the East Pacific and the West Atlantic. The fish can weigh as much as 1.4 tons and attain lengths of up to 5.5 m. It primarily consumes zooplankton and is a filter-feeder. Although it is rarely predated upon due to its considerable size and high speed, human activities like overfishing have adversely impacted populations of this species. The reef manta ray is thus a Vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List. The reef manta ray has a pelagic lifestyle and feeds by filtering sea water in order to catch zooplankton. Research indicates that mantas probably may live to at least 50 years old.

The Reef Manta Ray (Mobula alfredi) is one of the largest and most iconic marine species. Because Reef Manta Rays frequent relatively shallow waters along the coastal reefs of continents and oceanic islands, they are more commonly encountered by divers and snorkellers than their Oceanic Manta Ray cousins. Large, flat and oddly shaped, these fish are named for their unique appearance, ‘Manta’ meaning blanket or cloak in Spanish. Sporting famously long pectoral fins, these iconic creatures can be spotted in numerous regions of the Great Barrier Reef. Feeding on krill and zooplankton, they are often seen forming long chains and swimming in circles to create a spiral effect, catching food in their wake.

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THE GREAT 10 LARGEST HEALTH INSURANCE COMPANIES IN THE WORLD ACCORDING TO NET PREMIUM WRITTEN(NPW) AND NON-BANKING ASSETS

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Health insurance is an insurance product which covers medical and surgical expenses of an insured individual. It reimburses the expenses incurred due to illness or injury or pays the care provider of the insured individual directly. Health insurance is an insurance that covers the whole or a part of the risk of a person. By estimating the overall risk of health risk and health system expenses over the risk pool, an insurer can develop a routine finance structure, such as a monthly premium or payroll tax, to provide the money to pay for the health care benefits specified in the insurance agreement. The benefit is administered by a central organization such as a government agency, private business, or not-for-profit entity. There are two basic types of health insurance: 1.Mediclaim Plans, 2. Critical Illness Insurance Plans. Medicare or medical costs are rising year on year. As a matter of fact, inflation in medicare is higher than inflation in food and other articles. While inflation in food and clothing is in single digits, medicare costs usually escalate in double digits. One way to provide for medical emergencies is by taking health insurance. Health insurance offers considerable flexibility in terms of disease / ailment coverage.  With health insurance, you are assured of a more secure future both health-wise and money-wise. This makes health insurance policies critical for individuals, especially if they are responsible for the financial well-being of the family. The Great 10 largest Health insurance companies in the world, by net premiums written (NPW) and non-banking assets in the year 2018.

1.UnitedHealth Group Incorporation- United States

UnitedHealth Group Incorporation is an American for-profit managed health care company based in Minnetonka, Minnesota. This brand was created in 2011 as the company’s health services business. UnitedHealth Group incorporated on July 1, 2015, is a health and well-being company. The Company operates through four segments: UnitedHealthcare, OptumHealth, OptumInsight and OptumRx. Among the middlemen tasked with making today’s healthcare efficient and cost-effective is UnitedHealth Group Inc. (UNH), the world’s largest healthcare company by revenue. Primarily an insurer, UnitedHealth Group claims over 130 million customers worldwide. It offers health care products and insurance services. It is the largest healthcare company in the world by revenue, with 2019 revenue of $242.2 billion.  No one plans to fall ill or get hurt, but a serious illness can strike anyone at any time. The cost of treating the illness can cause severe financial strain on the savings you have accumulated over time. It provides health and well-being services to individuals age 65 and older. UnitedHealthcare Global – serves 6.2 million people with medical benefits, residing principally in Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Peru but also in more than 130 other countries. Net Premium Written is US $178,087,000.

2.AXA S.A.-France

AXA is a French multinational insurance firm headquartered in Paris that engages in global insurance, investment management and other financial services. Axa S.A. is a French multinational insurance firm headquartered in the 8th arrondissement of Paris that engages in global insurance, investment management, and other financial services. The Axa Group operates primarily in Western Europe, North America, the India Pacific region, and the Middle East, with a presence also in Africa. Axa is a conglomerate of independently run businesses, operated according to the laws and regulations of many different countries. The company was founded in 1816 as Mutuelle de L’assurance contre L’incendie. The firm adopted the Axa name in 1985. AXA SA (AXA), incorporated on February 20, 1985, is a holding company engaged in the business of financial protection. The Company’s segments include Life & Savings, Property & Casualty, International Insurance, Asset Management, Banking and Holding companies.

AXA operates primarily in Europe, North America, Asia Pacific Region and in other regions, including the Middle East, Latin America and Africa. AXA offers a range of Life & Savings products, including Individual and group savings products, as well as Life and Health products for both individual and commercial clients. The Company’s International Insurance Segment operations are focused on risks, reinsurance and assistance. AXA Corporate Solutions Assurance is the Company’s subsidiary engaged in large corporations in terms of property and casualty, loss prevention, risk management, underwriting and claims handling and to specialty markets across the world. The operations in the Banking segment are conducted primarily in Belgium, France and Germany. AXA Bank’s products and offers are linked with insurance business and are focused on retail products. AXA Banque has approximately 715,000 registered customers, with a retail banking product offer.  Net Premium Written is US $103,033,468 in the year 2018.

3.Ping An Ins (Group) Co of China Ltd.-China

Ping An Insurance also known as Ping An of China and the company’s name Ping An translates to “safe and well”. over 204 million retail customers and 534 million Internet users, Ping An is one of the largest financial services companies in the world. Ping An Life, through its nationwide service network of over 40 branches, including approximately six telemarketing centers, and over 3,000 business outlets, provides individual customers and institutional clients with life insurance products. With The company has 236,000 employees and 635,000 insurance agents. China Ping An Insurance  Company Limited  also offers property and casualty insurance service in the Hong Kong market.  Ping An Insurance (Group) Company of China, Ltd., incorporated on March 21, 1988, is a personal financial services provider. The Company provides insurance, banking, investment, and Internet finance products and services.

The Company operates through six segments: life insurance, property and casualty insurance, banking, trust, securities and corporate. The life insurance segment offers a range of life insurance products to individual and corporate customers, including term, whole-life, endowment, annuity, investment-linked, universal life and healthcare insurance. The property and casualty insurance segment offers a range of insurance products to individual and corporate customers, including automobile insurance, non-automobile insurance, and accident and health insurance. The banking segment undertakes loan and intermediary businesses with corporate customers and retail business, as well as wealth management and credit card services with individual customers. The trust segment provides trust services and undertakes investing activities. The securities segment undertakes brokerage, trading, investment banking and asset management services. The corporate segment includes the management and support of the Company’s business through its strategy, risk, treasury, finance, legal and human resources functions, among others. Ping An stands out among Chinese financial institutions for its aggressive acceptance of foreign capital.  The company is considered to be China’s biggest insurer, with US$107 billion in gross premium income in 2018. Its market capitalization is at US$220 billion in July 2019. These business segments contributed 69%, 15%, 11%, 6%, and 2% of the company’s net profit, respectively, in 2019.

4. China Life Insurance (Group) Company- China

The company is a life insurance company established in Beijing, China on 30 June, 2003. China Life Insurance also handles non-life insurance products. China Life Insurance (Overseas) Company Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of China Life Insurance (Group) Company which is the largest state-owned financial insurance corporation in China, is the strategic headquarter for overseas business development of the parent company. The parent company has been taking firm strides to develop modern insurance services and realize the “China Life Dream” of becoming a premier international financial insurance group.  And with strong support from the parent company, China Life Insurance Company Limited has already built business networks in Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore and Indonesia. The primary focus of the Company is the enhancement of profits and creation of value through organic growth as well as mergers and acquisitions.

China Life Insurance Company Limited  is a Beijing-headquartered China-incorporated company that provides life insurance and annuity products. With 70% state-ownership, China Life is the biggest life insurer in China in terms of total assets, but has experienced economic difficulty in the past years. China’s insurance market has attracted dozens of new competitors after the Chinese government liberalized. It also provides both individual and group accident and short-term health insurance policies and services. It has more than 300 million individual and group policies in force. China Life sells its individual products primarily through its own network, comprised of exclusive agents, direct sales representatives, and dedicated and non-dedicated agencies. In addition to life insurance, the company provides asset management services and health and accident insurance. Net Premium Written is US $ 92,360,557 in the year 2018.

5. Kaiser Foundation Group of Health Plans- United States

Kaiser Permanente is an American integrated managed care consortium, based in Oakland, California, United States, founded in 1945. Kaiser has an integrated care model, offering both hospital and physician care through a network of hospitals and physician practices operating under the Kaiser Permanente name. Kaiser Permanente operates in eight states like Hawaii, Washington, Oregon, California, Colorado, Maryland, Virginia, Georgia and the District of Columbia, and is the largest managed care organization in the United States. Each entity of Kaiser Permanente has its own management and governance structure, although all of the structures are interdependent and cooperative to a great extent.  Kaiser Permanente is one of the largest nonprofit healthcare plans in the United States. 

As of 2019, Kaiser Permanente had 12.2 million health plan members, 218,297 employees, 22,914 physicians, 59,127 nurses, 39 medical centers, and 706 medical facilities. The Permanente Medical Groups, which provide care for Kaiser Permanente members, continuously develop and refine medical practices to help ensure that care is delivered in the most efficient and effective manner possible.  Each Permanente Medical Group operates as a separate for-profit partnership or professional corporation in its individual territory, and while none publicly reports its financial results, each is primarily funded by reimbursements from its respective regional Kaiser Foundation Health Plan entity. KFHP is one of the largest not-for-profit organizations in the United States. Net Premium Written is US $ 92,054,688 in the year 2018.

6. Anthem, Inc. – United States

Anthem, Inc., incorporated on July 17, 2001, is a health benefits company. Anthem is a leading health benefits company dedicated to improving lives and communities, and making healthcare simpler. The Company operates through three segments: Commercial and Specialty Business, Government Business and Other. It is the largest for-profit managed health care company in the Blue Cross Blue Shield Association. The company was formed by the 2004 merger of WellPoint. Through its affiliated companies, Anthem serves more than 106 million people, including 42 million within its family of health plans.  Anthem companies serve members as the Blue Cross licensee for California; and as the Blue Cross and Blue Shield licensees for Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Missouri, Nevada, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Virginia, and Wisconsin. Anthem Inc.’s also serve customers in many states across U.S. The company operates as Anthem Blue Cross in California, where it has about 800,000 customers and is the largest health insurer. It operates as Empire BlueCross BlueShield in New York State and as Anthem Blue Cross and Blue Shield in 10 states. There may be times when we use other companies to give our members and providers certain types of services, like Utilization Management or Case Management. It would always make sure that it was approved by law and allowed by our contracts beforehand.

Radiant Services, LLC may be part of the approval process for care you receive. Whether Radiant is involved or not, the process is the same. Radiant has some staff outside the United States. They want to help you get access to quality, efficient care that is backed by scientific research. Its managed care plans include preferred provider organizations (PPOs); health maintenance organizations (HMOs); point-of-service (POS), plans; indemnity plans and other hybrid plans, including consumer-driven health plans (CDHPs); and hospital only and limited benefit products. In addition, it provides an array of managed care services to self-funded customers, including claims processing, underwriting, stop loss insurance, actual services, provider network access, medical cost management, disease management, wellness programs and other administrative services. It provides an array of specialty and other insurance products and services, such as dental, vision, life and disability insurance benefits, radiology benefit management and analytics-driven personal healthcare. It also provides services to the federal government in connection with the Federal Employee Program (FEP). Net Premium Written is US $85,048,000 in the year 2018. provides non-BCBS plans under the Unicare, Amerigroup, CareMore, Simply Healthcare, HealthSun, HealthLink, and other brands in more than 25 states. Plans include PPO, HMO, POS, indemnity, and hybrid plans offered to employers, individuals, and Medicare and Medicaid recipients.

7. Allianz SE- Germany

Allianz SE is the holding company of the Allianz Group. Allianz SE operates in the field of reinsurance, providing reinsurance protection for Allianz Group companies, in particular. Allianz, headquartered in Munich, is a German financial services company operating mainly in the insurance and asset management sectors globally. As of December 31, 2019, Allianz SE employed 1,673 people. Besides Allianz SE, the Allianz Group comprises subsidiaries with over 147,000 employees in more than 70 countries. With revenues reaching approximately 127 billion U.S. dollars in 2018, it was the third largest insurance company worldwide.  Allianz has more than 85 million customers worldwide and its services include property and casualty insurance, life and health insurance and asset management. Allianz operates through Allianz Belgium, previously AGF Belgium which has been re-branded to Allianz Belgium in November 2007.

The Life or Health segment offers a range of life and health insurance products on both an individual and a group basis.  Allianz is one of the world’s largest investors, managing over 650 billion euros on behalf of its insurance customers while our asset managers Allianz Global Investors and PIMCO manage an additional 1.4 trillion euros of third-party assets. It runs the Asset Management business out of two distinct investment management businesses, PIMCO and Allianz Global Investors (AllianzGI). Both units operate under Allianz Asset Management (AAM). Particular strongholds include the United States, Germany, France, Italy, the United Kingdom and the Asia-Pacific region. Net Premium Written  is US $83,203,137 in the year 2018.

8. Assicurazioni Generali S.p.A. – Italy

Assicurazioni Generali S.p.A. or simply Generali Group is an Italian insurance company based in Trieste.  It is the largest of its kind in Italy and among top 10 in the world.  Assicurazioni Generali Austro-Italiche, the company was founded on December 26, 1831. The company grew in importance, becoming one of the largest insurance operators both in Italy and in Central Europe.  The Group operates through three segments: Life, Non Life, and Holding and other business. The Life segment include saving and protection products, both individual and for families, as well as products with investments purposes for companies. The Non-life segment provides various insurance products related to casualty, accident, health, and company plans. The Holding and other business segment includes non insurance assets, mostly banking and asset management activities. The Company is active globally.  Generali’s major competitors at international level are AXA, Allianz and Zurich. Besides them, there are companies competing at local and regional level in various countries and markets.  Today Generali operates primarily in Europe, Middle East and East Asia, with large market shares in Italy, Poland, Hungary, Germany, France, Austria, Slovenia, The Netherlands, Croatia, Serbia, Spain, Switzerland, Romania, Israel, Japan, China and Bosnia and Herzegovina, with secondary operations in Latin America.

In India the company is represented by Future Generali, a joint venture of Future group and Assicurazioni Generali. It provides both life and property or casualty insurance. The Non-Life business is known as Future Generali India Insurance Company Limited. The Life business is known as Future Generali India Life Insurance Company Limited. Main Subsidiaries of the group includes, in Italy: Genertellife, Alleanza Assicurazioni, Generali Italia and Banca Generali. Generali confirms its leadership position in the Italian insurance market with an overall share of 16.2% as it can rely on a complete range of insurance solutions for its clients in both the Life and P&C segments. During 2019, Generali Italia continued to implement its simplification programme with the goal to improve the customer experience by simplifying the relationship between customers and agents for the entire process by providing more and more accessible and innovative services. The Group’s global initiative for the society, Generali Italia launched Ora di Futuro. Net Premium Written  is US $72,617,727 in the year 2018.

9. State Farm Group – United States

State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company is the parent company of several affiliates and subsidiaries that provide property and life insurance, banking products, and mutual funds.  It was founded in 1922. It is also the largest auto insurance provider in the United States. Approximately it has  59,000 employees and it consists of  84M policies and accounts in force in the U.S. as of December 2019. About 60% of State Farm households have more than one product. In 2019, Fire and Auto Claims handled about 22,000 claims per day. Through its two life insurance affiliates, State Farm Life was the second largest U.S. ordinary individual life insurer based on policies in force according to S&P Global Market Intelligence.  State Farm offers about 100 products with approximately 19,200 agents.

The group’s parent company is State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company, which is a mutual insurance company based in Bloomington, Illinois.  State Farm is best known for offering property and casualty (P&C) insurance products, especially in personal lines. It offers life and health insurance, annuities, mutual funds and banking products.  Nearly 867,000 policies were there in health. Net Premium Written is US $70,832,964 in the year 2018.  In 2019, the insurer announced personal auto insurance rate reductions in multiple states including: Arizona, Louisiana and South Carolina.

10. People’s Insurance Company (Group) of China Ltd.- China

The People’s Insurance Company (Group) of China Limited (abbreviated as PICC Group or PICC) is the first nationwide insurance company in China and has developed into a leading large-scale integrated insurance financial group in the People’s Republic of China. It was founded in October 1949 and headquartered in Beijing.  The Company is mainly engaged in property insurance, health insurance, life insurance, reinsurance, Hong Kong insurance, pension insurance and operating insurance business.  The group provides insurance products for accident, universal life, general life, family property, travel, auto, health, personal credit loan guarantee and performance guarantee. It also offers cargo insurance, credit guarantee insurance, special risk insurance, engineering insurance, employer liability insurance, export product liability insurance, safety production liability insurance, government rescue insurance and technological equipment insurance.  The Chinese Central Government is the controlling shareholder.

On December 7th 2012, PICC Group successfully completed its IPO on Hong Kong Stock Exchange, which was China’s first group listing of state-owned financial insurance conglomerate.  In 1996, it became a holding company, as People’s Insurance Company  of China  Three subsidiaries were formed, as property insurer, life insurer and reinsurer respectively. PICC has branch offices in London and New York as well as in the cities and towns of China. PICC Health was a joint venture with German insurer DKV  and other investors. The Life Insurance covers personal, personal insurance products-wealth management, groups, banks, and e-commerce platform online insurance. Health Insurance is a form of insurance that provides coverage or financial security for the medical expenses incurred by the policyholder. Based on the chosen health insurance plan, the policyholder gets coverage for hospitalization, day-care facility, treatment costs for listed diseases, surgical expenses along with reimbursement of the acquired expenses. Net Premium Written is US $68,204,489 in the year 2018.

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