The 10 Great Daily Habits of Human Beings to kill the Environment in the World

Air contamination is the presence in or presentation into the quality of a substance which has hurtful or harmful impacts. It is a combination of strong particles and gases noticeable all around. Vehicle emanations, synthetics from production lines, residue, dust and form spores might be suspended as particles. Ozone, gas, is a significant piece of air contamination in urban areas. At the point when ozone structures air contamination, it’s additionally called brown haze. Some air contaminations are toxic. Breathing in them can build the possibility you’ll have medical conditions. contamination might cause illnesses, sensitivities and even passing to people; it might likewise make hurt other living organic entities, for example, creatures and food crops, and may harm the regular habitat or constructed climate. It is hypothesized that it requires just 3 weeks for an individual to shape a propensity. All we really want is little changes in our day by day way of life to decrease our carbon sway on the climate. Here is the rundown of 10 day by day propensities for individuals that are gradually killing the climate.

1.Driving

man inside vehicle
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Driving is the first habit of Human beings to pollute the Air. The health risks of air pollution are extremely serious. Poor air quality increases respiratory ailments like asthma and bronchitis, heightens the risk of life-threatening conditions like cancer, and burdens our health care system with substantial medical costs. Passenger vehicles are a major pollution contributor, producing significant amounts of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and other pollution. Transportation contributed more than half of the carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, and almost a quarter of the hydrocarbons emitted into our air.

Clean vehicle and fuel technologies provide us with an affordable, available means of reducing transportation related air pollution and climate change emissions. These include fuel-efficient vehicles that use less oil; cleaner fuels that produce fewer emissions; and electric cars and trucks that can entirely remove tailpipe emissions. Strong federal and state policies also help. Vehicle emission standards have helped cut pollution from cars and trucks by about 90 percent since 1998, with further improvements coming from the Tier 3 standards. Future emissions reductions from trucks and other freight sources are essential for meeting air quality standards and protecting the health of those who live and work close to ports, rail yards, and freight corridors.

2.Improper disposal of batteries and ink

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Technically batteries can be considered e-waste, and metal waste. The difference is batteries don’t go in the recycling bin OR the garbage bin. That doesn’t mean batteries can’t be recycled though. The chemicals that can leak out of them are extremely harmful to the planet, and can contaminate other waste that would otherwise be recyclable. Therefore they need to be recycled separately from all other forms of waste. The broken battery pieces go into a vat, where the lead and heavy materials fall to the bottom while the plastic rises to the top. At this point, the polypropylene pieces are scooped away and the liquids are drawn off, leaving the lead and heavy metals. Each of the materials then begins its own recycling journey. We’ll begin with the plastic, or polypropylene. Paper can also be sustainably and easily repurposed. The process of waste paper recycling most often involves mixing used/old paper with water and chemicals to break it down. It is then chopped up and heated, which breaks it down further into strands of cellulose, a type of organic plant material; this resulting mixture is called pulp, or slurry. It is strained through screens, which remove plastic that may still be in the mixture then cleaned, de-inked, bleached, and mixed with water.

Rechargeable batteries consume less natural resources. One huge positive of using rechargeable batteries is that due to their ability to recharge, fewer batteries are needed to provide the same amount of energy. This translates to fewer resources being consumed during the manufacturing process. Another benefit of using rechargeable batteries over disposable batteries is the cost savings. Rechargeable batteries save the consumer money due to its reusability. We recycle everything that we can, from paper and cardboard to ink cartridges and old x-rays. Some companies safely and confidentially recycle old x-ray films because of x-ray films contain silver halide which can be extracted and converted into pure silver.

3.Excessive utilization of plastic

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Utilized for minutes, goes on for quite a long time – single-use plastics have turned into a scourge on our current circumstance. 100,000 marine creatures are killed by plastic sacks every year. Change to reusables to decrease your general waste and keep sealife from hurt. To consent to contamination control guidelines and guarantee your security, we do need to utilize a ton of plastics and disposables. We will consistently attempt a reusable choice first. Bio items utilize degradable plastic, utilized from EPI (Environmental Products Inc.), a 100% oxo-biodegradable material. They even inventory with cornstarch cups rather than plastic ones. Individuals utilize plastic packs to convey things like food and garments, which are purchased from shops. Plastic packs are ordinarily utilized, despite the fact that we realize they can harm the climate. For metropolitan strong waste, plastic sacks have become significant things in the litter framework. This has brought about numerous adverse natural impacts including creature stifling, contamination, blockage of channels, waterways and streams, and scene deformation. Because of these impacts, people in general on the loose, activists and assemblies have voiced shock to the extent that some public states have prohibited the utilization of plastic sacks for shopping.

A few nations have embraced an expense for plastic packs, producing into account the adverse results of plastic sacks on farming creation. The significant effect of plastic sacks on the climate is that it requires numerous years to for them to decay. Furthermore, harmful substances are delivered into the dirt when plastic sacks die under daylight and, on the off chance that plastic packs are scorched, they discharge a poisonous substance into the air causing encompassing air contamination. The unregulated collection of cancer-causing compounds, the utilization of plastic sacks might permit advances into destructive sicknesses. Plastic packs are unloaded aimlessly into landfills worldwide that possess huge loads of hectares of land and emanate risky methane and carbon dioxide gases.

4.Throwing food as waste

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The absence of food security is perhaps the most critical crisis confronting our nation today. Consistently north of 20 million South African men, ladies and kids hit the hay hungry. We live in a country that creates a wealth of crisp, supporting food that could take care of every one of our residents, however one of the focal issues is that 10 million tons of food goes to squander each year. Food squander is a monstrous worldwide issue. We regularly find out about food going to squander in our homes or being lost at the rancher’s level. Yet, little is spoken with regards to the food that is lost at the dealer and purchaser level. A large part of the food we eat is developed, collected, and afterward moved to distribution centers where it is arranged, stuffed, and put away until it very well may be sold and shipped to the last objective. Brokers purchase produce in mass from everywhere the world, and afterward they offer this produce to grocery stores, retailers, and wholesalers. Assuming there are disturbances in this framework or on the other hand in the event that food can’t be sold quick enough, it goes off and is tossed out. The ranchers who developed that food don’t get compensated, the dealers lose benefit, and every one of the assets that went into developing the food including the valuable water and energy assets are squandered as well.

5.Using paper

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Regardless of our daily use of paper, what we as humans overlook, is that it is made from trees. The environmental effects of paper are significant, which has led to changes in industry and behaviour at both business and personal levels. With the use of modern technology such as the printing press and the highly mechanized harvesting of wood, disposable paper became a relatively cheap commodity, which led to a high level of consumption and waste. The rise in global environmental issues such as air and water pollution, climate change, overflowing landfills and clear cutting have all lead to increased government regulations. There is now a trend towards sustainability in the pulp and paper industry as it moves to reduce clear cutting, water use, greenhouse gas emissions, fossil fuel consumption and clean up its influence on local water supplies and air pollution.

Paper can also be sustainably and easily repurposed. Reuse and repurposing options include reusing waste paper for wrapping, packaging, composting, cleaning, lining pet cages, etc. It saves waste paper from occupying homes of people and producing methane as it breaks down. Because paper fibre contains carbon, recycling keeps the carbon locked up for longer and out of the atmosphere. It can be made into new recycled paper. Newspapers are one of the easiest materials to recycle. Switched from paper records to a computer system. Those who have seen us this year will have noticed the use of the iPad as we move away from paper forms. We will always ask you first if you want a receipt printed. We can email you invoices, treatment plans, information and forms.

6.Boiling water using electricity

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Reduce the Environmental Impact of Your Energy Use. In an emergency, water contaminated with germs can often be made safe to drink by boiling, adding disinfectants, or filtering. Inadequate access to safe drinking water remains a global health problem, particularly in rural areas. Boiling is the most commonly used form of point-of-use household water treatment (HWT) globally, although the use of bottled water in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is increasing rapidly. The amount of energy used to boil water using electricity makes it one of the most expensive methods as compared to gas. Boiling water for use in the shower is extremely inefficient. Lot of energy required to translate into problems on the production end of things. As a lot of electricity is generated via coal and diesel engines, increasing the power load by using the boiler or coffee maker has a big toll on the environment. Seal and insulate your home and office to improve comfort and reduce your heating and cooling costs. Although electricity is a clean and relatively safe form of energy when it is used, the generation and transmission of electricity affects the environment.

Energy efficiency is about using less energy to get the same job done and in the process, avoiding high energy bills and unnecessary pollution. Many products, homes, commercial buildings, and industrial facilities consume far more energy than needed. For example, energy efficient light bulbs certified by ENERGY STAR use 70 to 90% less energy than incandescent bulbs. Start for guidance on how to save energy, save money, and protect the environment. Behind each blue ENERGY STAR label is a product, building, or home that is independently certified to use less energy, achieving emissions reductions to reduce air pollution and help protect the climate. Nearly all types of electric power plants have an effect on the environment, but some power plants have larger effects than others.

7.Washing one’s face

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We as a whole shut our eyes when we clean up, yet we shouldn’t ignore all the ecological and wellbeing stinging effects of face wash. We want to clean away something beyond oil and soil from our skin health management schedule. Free your skin of contaminations with items that don’t contain pollutions themselves. Plastic is harming the Great Lakes and different waterways all through the world, yet in addition to litter’s at fault; it’s your facial chemical. The vast majority don’t understand that numerous well known shedding cleaning agents really contain plastic miniature dots that are intended to wash down the channel, regardless of the way that they are not biodegradable (So, indeed, you’ve been cleaning up with plastic). These miniature globules are small bits of polyethylene (a sort of plastic), and they can be found in facial cleaning agents, however numerous different kinds of beauty care products, for example, body wash, sunscreens and toothpaste. Subsequent to washing down the channel, these plastic particles ingest poisons from polluted spillover. Marine untamed life and birds effectively botch these miniature globules as food, prompting possibly deadly squares in their stomach related frameworks. A review in England observed that 36.5 percent of fish in the English Channel include plastic inside their gastrointestinal plots. Individuals generally eat the fish that have eaten these tainted miniature dabs, causing worries over long haul wellbeing dangers to people.

We can go for regular and natural face washes that leave us with similar outcomes, without the unsafe synthetics and aggravations. Normal and natural face wash is the skin superhuman here and a basic part of any natural skincare schedule.

8.Eating meat

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One more propensity for people is eating meat. The meat business is one of the essential supporters of issues like contamination, food deficiencies and the purging of our seas. Raising creatures for food additionally requires monstrous measures of water, energy, and land. Raising creatures for food is perhaps the greatest reason for water contamination in the industrialized world. The microbes, pesticides and anti-toxins that are amassed in animal tissue are additionally found in their countenances, and these synthetic substances can effectsly affect the environments encompassing huge homesteads. In certain nations, creatures raised for food produce multiple times the feces of the people who live there. A large part of the loss from production line ranches and abattoirs streams into streams and waterways, tainting water sources.

Creatures raised for food additionally produce harmful gasses, for example, smelling salts and methane alongside their fertilizer. As indicated by the World Watch Institute, somewhere in the range of 15 and 20 percent of the methane gas outflows overall are created by creatures raised for food. One of the most broadly created ozone depleting substances on the planet is methane. These gasses add to environmental change and can nauseate individuals who live in networks around ranches.

9.Flushing the latrine

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Flushing the latrine is the one more negative quirk of human. In the event that you flush without fail and each flush utilized 9 gallons, that could mean utilizing around 60 gallons of water each day just to flush. A large portion of the waste water that flush latrines make over 80% overall prompts wind up going straightforwardly once more into the climate. No treatment, no utilization, simply a great deal of open sewers. With the innovation of flush latrines, the volume of waste made when people go to the washroom expanded very nearly 20-overlap. To manage this new degree of waste, we designed waste-water treatment plants. The point of these sewage treatment frameworks has customarily been to give clean emanating that can be returned to the environment. So fundamentally, we drain water out of a biological system (utilizing energy), clean it (more energy), pipe it through a city (utilizing heaps of framework) into our homes. Then, at that point, we wash it away for good (this is the place where it gets messy once more) and pipe it to a waste-water treatment plant (more foundation frequently utilizing a great deal of energy) to return it to a biological system.

In any case, this jump can be excessively huge for some and may not be achievable in certain areas. In this way, the option could be to decrease the occasions one flushes the latrine or the establishment of low-flush latrines. Consistently we affect the climate. From unmistakable blue reusing canisters to items with decreased bundling that is biodegradable, all of us are attempting to use sound judgment. The better option is use fertilizer latrines. The utilization of this choice rather than water is a decent option since the waste can be utilized for ventures like the production of compost.

10.Brushing teeth

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Cleaning teeth is another terrible human propensity since it adds to water wastage. Help the Environment while you brush. The normal individual squanders something like 90 glasses of water each day when they leave the tap running while at the same time cleaning their teeth. In Australia, more than 30 million toothbrushes are utilized and discarded, adding up to roughly 1000 tons of landfill every year. The plastic they’re made of will not separate in the course of our life. The helpful thing is utilizing the brush with handles are produced using Moso bamboo (which isn’t a food hotspot for pandas). This is biodegradable, ecologically feasible, and doesn’t dirty the climate. Bamboo is viewed as a grass, and is the abstained developing plant in the world. This astonishing development and self-reestablishing capacity implies that the utilization of bamboo is naturally supportable. A great representation is among the Maasai of Tanzania and Kenya. They utilize a bush conversationally known as the toothbrush tree (Salvadorapersica). The stem of the bush is utilized to clean the teeth and furthermore serves to give extra medical advantages as it is connected with cures from intricacies borne from ailment and hacks.

A few groups are focused on aiding the climate by empowering reusing and eliminating waste. By preserving assets and utilizing economical items, we can do our part in pursuing a more manageable future. You can do likewise at home by making a couple of little changes to your brushing schedule. Turn off the tap. Alongside the gallons of water squandered, conventional dental cleanliness items bring about piles of waste plastic that will require many years, or even hundreds of years, to rot. Unmistakably, dental consideration squander is a major issue. While shutting the tap during the brush is one choice, the other is to utilize brushing procedures that don’t expect one to utilize water. A few spice shoots and leaves have been utilized over the course of the hundreds of years to counterbalance the lifeless inhale of people and give dental cleanliness and assurance against microorganisms that cause cavities. With regards to our dental consideration schedule, we frequently experience an issue keeping things supportable. Floss and toothbrushes the same are bundled in plastic, and it’s hard to track down a brand of mouthwash that doesn’t arrive in a major plastic container.

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THE 10 GREAT HANDICRAFTS OF INDIA THAT WE MUST BUY

A skilled activity in which something is made in a traditional way with the hands rather than being produced by machines in a factory. Tourists visiting India are often enamoured of its superb handicrafts, as much as its people. India has been known for its customs. When it comes to art and culture, India is among the most culturally rich countries in the world. Handicraft represents Indian’s culture and tradition. The feeling of home is hidden in the small things and the small stories that every item carries with it. The same is the reason behind buying handicrafts. Every piece of craft has a story, a story of the passion of the craftsmen who created it or his inspiration to make it. That’s why craft pieces make the perfect fit for any house. India is one of the leading producers and suppliers of handicraft products in the world. India has been a large producer and supplier of handicraft products for a long time. In Asian countries, handicrafts are as highly wanted as mechanized products in quality and volume and are a major source of their foreign earnings via exports. The artisanal industry is an important source of income for rural communities that employ more than six million artisans, including large numbers of women and people belonging to the weakest sectors of society. The sector is highly creative and produces a large variety of crafts products that are highly consumed and fond of. In India, the creative importance of these craft products is off the roof making sure that it fits in perfectly with the urbanized decor and connects the urban dwellers with their roots. The days of Indus Valley Civilization, artisans and craftsmen have been respected for their excellence in various kinds of handicrafts. That tradition continued well into medieval and colonial times, and flourishes even to this day. List of 10 Handicrafts of India That We must buy.

1) Pashmina shawl

Pashmina is considered the finest craftsmanship in the world which transforms the exceptionally warm and delicate Cashmere threads to opulent accessories. The fleece of Changthangi Goat is known as Pashm. This goat is exotic and is only found there, 15000 feet above sea level in Ladakh – Jammu and Kashmir, making the art of Pashmina even rarer and revered all over the world. This art was favoured with royal patronage. Kings, queens, royal families and nobles all over the world knew Pashmina. In fact, they owned a large number of shawls and scarves. It was in the 16th century when the birthplace of Pashmina – Kashmir – was under Mughal rule, that Pashmina was discovered. Pashmina may refer either to the material or to the variant of the Kashmir shawl that is made from it. Both generic cashmere and pashmina come from the same goat, but generic cashmere ranges from 12 to 21 microns in diameter, whereas pashmina refers only to those fibres that range from 12 to 16 microns. Besides employing literate as well as illiterate persons in both rural and urban areas, it acts as a subsidiary source of income for farmers who remain unemployed during the off-season. The most important aspect is that it should be hand spun and hand woven only. All steps, from combing and spinning, to weaving and finishing, are done entirely by hand by dedicated craftsmen and women. The main production center for Pashmina fabrics is the old Srinagar district. To produce a single Pashmina shawl it takes approximately 180 hours.

girl in white crew neck shirt lying on red and brown floral textile
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2) Woodwork

Woodworking is the skill of making items from wood, and includes cabinet making, wood carving, joinery, carpentry, and woodturning. In Rajasthan,wooden figures of Ghangore, a form of Parvathi is worshipped. Tamilnadu has a well developed tradition of woodcarving used for decorating houses and temples. The Tanjore dolls made of wood form a part of the rituals followed here and they are also used for educating small children. The Tirupathi red dolls are meant for sales for the pilgrims. Kondapalli is famous for its toys. Manipuris an important center for Tarkashi, metal thread work, done in furniture. Sankheda in Gujaratis an important center for lathe- worked lacquered furniture. The Punjab regions are famous for their exquisite wooden furniture. Kashmir is famous for its artifacts made of walnut. Chhattisgarh craftsmen specialize in wooden crafts such as doors, window frames, and sculptures. Jharkhand is famous for its wooden toys that are always in pairs. Goa wood carvings are an aesthetic mix of Portuguese and Indian cultures, and the designs are primarily floral, animal and human figures. It is mainly made of rosewood and sandalwood engraved with designs of flowers, vines, birds, and animals. Magnificent female figures are carved from Kumbli wood in Kerala. Karnataka is specialized in sandalwood carving. Rajasthanmaintains a rich tradition of stonecarving even in the common domesticbuildings.

3) Ceramic

Ceramic is considered the most sensual form of all the arts. The tradition of handmade pottery has been prevalent in India since the time of the Harappan civilization. Pottery in the Indian subcontinent has an ancient history and is one of the most tangible and iconic elements of Indian art. This article covers pottery vessels, mainly from the ancient Indian cultures known from archaeology. There has also been much figurative sculpture and decorative tilework in ceramics in the subcontinent, with the production of terracotta figurines being widespread in different regions and periods. In Bengal in particular, a lack of stone produced an extensive tradition of architectural sculpture for temples and mosques in terracotta and carved brick. In Rajasthan, Bikaner is famous for its painted pottery, Pokhran for its geometric patterned pottery, and Alwar for its Kagzi pottery. Jaipur blue pottery is also very famous. Jaipur blue pottery is also very famous.

4) Leather

India is famous worldwide for its leather products. Leather is a prominent industry in India. The main sectors from which its demand is derived are fashion, footwear, furniture, interiors and automotive. While the Indian leather totals upto 13 percent of the world’s total production of skins, around 10 percent of world’s footwear production also comes from India. India’s leather industry is bestowed with skilled manpower, innovative technology, increasing industry compliance to international environmental standards and the support of allied industries. India is the second largest exporter of leather garments and third largest exporter of saddlery and harness in the world. In India, the leather is prepared from the raw-hide skin of different animals like buffalo, goat, cow and sheep. Majorly, buffalo skin and goat skin are used to make leather products that are exported to the other countries. In the past, leather was not only used in the manufacture of clothing and footwear, but also in the manufacture of caps, bags, saddles, shields, etc. Madhya Pradesh is also known for its leather goods such as shoes, bags and clothing. Maharashtra is also famous for its Kolhapuri cocoons. The major production centers for leather and leather products in India are located in the States of Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, Rajastan, Kerala.

5) Jute

India is the world’s biggest producer of jute, followed by Bangladesh. Jute is primarily grown in West Bengal, Odisha, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Andhra Pradesh. Jute is the second most abundant natural fibre in the world. It has high tensile strength, acoustic and thermal insulation, breathability, low extensibility, ease of blending with both synthetic and natural fibres, and antistatic properties. Jute production is a labour intensive industry. It employs about two lakh workers in the West Bengal alone and 4 lakh workers across the country. Jute can be used: for insulation (replacing glass wool), geotextiles, activated carbon powder, wall coverings, flooring, garments, rugs, ropes, gunny bags, handicrafts, curtains, carpet backings, paper, sandals, carry bags, and furniture. The wide variety of jute crafts includes bags, office stationery, bracelets and other jewelry, footwear, tapestries and many more. The production process in the Jute Industry goes through a variety of activities, which include cultivation of raw jute, processing of jute fibres, spinning, weaving, bleaching, dyeing, finishing and marketing of both, the raw jute and its finished products.

6) Shell

From Conches, tortoise shell and seashell shells crafts are made in India. You can find three types of shells made from shell crafts in India. Different types of products such as bracelets, forks, decorative bowls, medallions, curtains, chandeliers, mirror frames, tablecloths, decorating pots, lockets, lanterns, etc. are products of shell crafts. In specific, shell handicraft locations on the sea such as the Gulf of Mannar, Odisha, Goa etc. are present here and at lower rates in excess. You can also buy shell jewellery and bracelets in West Bengal. It is basically craft making which involves a lot of creativity which will enhance the look of what we do with the shells. Seashell is a gift of nature to man and they are found in a variety of shapes, size and color. It is simply a folk art which is carried out by amateurs, however in some cases, it is also used for business making and the means to livelihood.

7) Brass Crafts

Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. A diverse range of brass can be created simply by varying the proportion of these two ingredients. Brass has a yellow color that is somewhat similar to gold. It is also fairly resistant to tarnishing. The discovery of metals made the lives of man easy as the metal products proved to be such a great help for them that they successfully completed some impossible tasks. India is well known for its beautiful brass craft, which covers a wide range of products, ranging from decoration items to utility ware. India, in fact, is one of the largest brass makers in the world. The art of brass craft has been practiced for almost 5 million years. Brass is known for its durability, and this feature adds to its advantage when used as a craft. Various items include the Lord Ganesha figure in different postures, vases, tables, perforated lamps, ornament boxes, wine glasses and many more are widely used in many Indian houses. These craftsmen dealing with brass crafts are known distinctly as “Kansaris”. Advantage of Brass has several characteristic properties that make it the ideal choice for art and craft. Brass is It is a long lasting metal , requires little maintenance and it is similar to gold, gives it a very attractive appearance.

8) Bamboo Crafts

As we all know that excessive use of wooden products can harm our eco system. There is one beautiful and strong supplement of wood which is cane and bamboo. These two are ecofriendly, light weighted, and strong. These have more life than wood, low maintenance, and easily portable. They have unique and elegant styles which are liked by everyone. These two are used to make different items for daily use and for decoration. Although India is famous for its handiwork but the state of west Bengal is pretty much good in their bamboo and cane craft. artisans of northeast India mostly make trays, unique furniture, decorative lamps, fans, hand bags, lamp shades and jewellery. The various other items made from bamboo are baskets, dolls, toys, furniture, mats, tapestries, crossbows, bamboo houses, hats, musical instruments, stools, kurup and khasi umbrella, bridges, smoking pipes, trays, knives, barrels and many more.

9) Phulkari

Sitting on the charpoys (beds woven with jute strings) pulled into the protective shade of a tree, or ensconced against a wall, women in villages and small towns all over Punjab are often busy creating spectacular flower-embroidery on dupattas, shawls or other garments. The word phulkari literally means flowering. It is a form of craft in which embroidery is done in a simple and sparse design over shawls and dupattas. In some cases where the design is worked over very closely, covering the material entirely, it is called bagh. The embroidery of phulkari and bagh is done in long and short darn stitch, which is created into innumerable designs and patterns. It is the skilful manipulation of this single stitch that lends an interesting and characteristic dimension to this needlework. While the stitch itself is uncomplicated, the quality of the phulkari depends upon the size of the stitch. The smaller the stitch, the finer the embroidery. The threads used were of a silk yarn called pat. In the past, the silk threads were brought in from different parts of India, like Kashmir and Bengal. The cloth primarily used and preferred by the women, was the home-spun, locally woven and dyed khadi. It was strong, long-lasting, and cheap and served the purpose of keeping the wearer warm during winters. Another reason was that the embroidery involved the counting of threads while doing the straight darn stitch. The coarse weave made this task easier. First brought to the Punjab state by the migrant population of Jaat, Phulkari is now equally loved across the country. Over time, various techniques and types of Phulkari embroidery have emerged in India, such as Thirma, Darshan Dwar, Chope, Meenakari, and Kaudi Bagh, among others.

10) Zardozi

From the medieval times the art of Zardozi has flourished, reaching its zenith under the patronage of Emperor Akbar. This gorgeous embroidery reveals artistic use of laid stitch with golden thread. It can be seen in wall hangings, chain stitch on saris, caps and other articles with heavy embroidery. As the embroidery is densely performed, designs done are extremely intricate. The gold wire known as zari is the thread used for zardozi embroidery. The making of zari thread is a very tedious job involving winding, twisting, wire drawing and gold plating of thread. The embroidery of zari zardozi is performed in a very interesting manner. Gold wire is carefully revolved around a silver bar tapered at one end. Then they are heated in furnace till gold and silver alloy is formed. The gilt wire, when drawn through a series of holes made on steel plates, comes out glittering as gold. The gold-coated silver wire is then flattened and twisted around silk thread to obtain zari. Zardozi has remained as an appliqué method of embroidery. With one hand the craftsman holds a retaining thread below the fabric. In the other he holds a hook or a needle with which he picks up the appliqué materials. Then he passes the needle or hook through the fabric. After hours of painstaking labor, the result is an exquisite gold-veined work of art. The intricate gold designs are made from silk, velvet, and even fabrics famous in the state of Uttar Pradesh. However, today, artisans use a combination of copper wire, with a gold or silver polish, and a silk thread. This embroidery work is mainly a specialty of Lucknow, Bhopal, Hyderabad, Delhi, Agra, Kashmir, Mumbai, Ajmer, and Chennai. The art of zardozi was revived along with many traditional methods of embroidery in the middle of this century. Zari work was mainly done in Madras and zardozi in Hyderabad until a few decades ago. Today, Uttar Pradesh is home to this finest work of gold and silver embroidery. This craft has caught on to a larger region of Bareilly such as Allampur, Faridpur, Biharkala, Nawabganj and Chandpur.

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