THE 10 GREAT BOOKS TO READ IN THE WORLD FOR CAREER SUCCESS

A book is a written or printed work consisting of pages glued or sewn together along one side and bound in covers. A book is a number of pieces of paper, usually with words on them, which are fastened together and fixed inside a cover of stronger paper or cardboard. Books contain information, stories, or poetry etc. of the world’s most successful entrepreneurs and leaders are avid readers. Even fictional novels are praised for their excellence by successful businessman like Bill Gates and Elon Musk. A great book influences your life. It influences your thought process. Any book that teaches you to be fair to the world is a great book. Reader has a lot of benefits like increase your vocabulary, improve focus and concentration, reduce stress and improve your memory. If you’re struggling to find a career, Advice from an expert, however, might be just the thing is to pick up one of these published career advice books. The Best 10 books and its summary are as follows.

  1. “The Compound Effect” by Darren Hardy

“The Compound Effect” offers readers the real deal when it comes to becoming a success. Darren Hardy pulls insight from his 20-year journey as a curator of the industry and reveals his six principles of success.
“It reveals the truth about prolonging small changes in our life that compound to negative results. This is book summary of The Compound Effect by Darren Hardy. This summary also includes key lessons and important passages from the book. Always take 100 percent responsibility for everything that happens to you. The compound effect is the operating system that has been running your life whether you know it or not. You cannot improve something until you measure it. Success is doing a half dozen things really well, repeated five thousand times. You don’t need more knowledge. You need a new plan of action. Consistency is the ultimate key to success. If you aren’t better, work harder. The compound effect is the strategy of reaping huge rewards from small, seemingly insignificant actions. Choice is at the center of all success and failure. It is what we choose that makes the biggest difference. Too often we sleepwalk through our choices. We default to choices that our society and culture tells us we should do. Keep a daily gratitude journal about your spouse.

Write down one thing you are thankful for each day about your spouse then give them the book as a gift one year later. You have to be willing to give 100 percent in your relationships. You alone are responsible for your situation. Everyone has the opportunity to be lucky. Track your behavior for at least one week. Tracking will revolutionize your life. The author started by tracking every financial decision in a notebook. Merely becoming conscious of your actions begins to change them. Start by saving 1 percent of your money each month. Then save 2 percent the next month. Continue until you are saving 10 percent of what you earn. The earlier you start making changes the more the compound effect works in your favor. The older your habits are and the deeper their roots, the harder they are to change. Design the life you want first and the business you want second. Write down your most important goals. The hardest part of momentum is the beginning. But Once you get moving you can keep going very easily. There is a difference between learning and studying. Learning leads to knowledge. Studying a topic means you are invested in it and try it out. What you need is to study, to practice, and to take action on the knowledge you have.
Small choices + consistency + time = significant results.

  1. “What Color is Your Parachute?” by Richard Bolles

“What Color is Your Parachute” is the world’s popular job-search and self-help book with its long-trusted guidance for job-hunters and career-changers. “It is a very practical book with many exercises and activities given by Richard Nelson Bolles for you. Great trips and exercises forcing you to think, reflect, take action and get to know the best job search practices from defining your dream job to resumes to interviewing to networking.” This book has been in print since 1970 and has been revised annually since 1975. It is available in 22 languages and used in 26 countries around the world. It is one of the most highly regarded career advice books in print. Richard Nelson Bolles wrote numerous spinoffs of What Color Is Your Parachute? targeted at specific audiences and career issues.

More than ten million copies sold over fifty years, the world’s most popular and best-selling career guide is fully revised and expanded for 2021. At its core is Richard N. Bolles’s famed Flower Exercise, a unique self-inventory that helps you design your career and your life around your key passions, transferable skills, traits, and more. The flower exercise involves looking at yourself from seven different angles: compatibility with people, workplace conditions, skills, purpose, knowledge, money, and location. In the exercise, each angle will be visually represented by a flower petal. When you’ve finished the exercise, you’ll end up with a one-page diagram of your flower that contains a visual summary of your personality as it relates to your career. This book is twelve times more effective than sending out traditional resumes.

  1. “The Leader Who Had No Title” by Robin Sharma

In “The Leader Who Had No Title,” author and leadership speaker Robin Sharma offers great things. In this book, readers will learn how to work with and influence people like a superstar, regardless of your position; how to recognize and then seize opportunities in times of deep change; the real secrets of intense innovation and so much more. Great careers and great businesses are built by evolution. Initiative and hard work is the warm-up act for a headliner called success. Small daily improvements, over time, lead to stunning results. “Each of us is born into genius”. We are responsible for our actions and their consequences. Inspire, influence and elevate each person. Treat everyone with respect, kindness and appreciation. If we change day by day small actions, those will become a habit. In the same time small changes every day will add up to a massive new improvement in the long run. You should be inspiring, engaging and elevating. It’s all on you. You are going to choose your most empowered response. When you do that, your life changes within minutes. “It teaches people that they all are leaders whatever their position. It helps people look at the concept of leadership from a different angle. It starts with yourself. Wherever people are in their career, they should do everything to stretch their leadership, it is all about self-empowerment. There is a great example about a housekeeper in the book that shows powerful leadership.” “It’s also a great inspiration for learning how to seize opportunities and remove fear blocks related to change.”

You need no title to be a leader: Success is something that’s consciously created. ‘Simply remember that no matter what your position within the organisation and no matter how old you are or where you live .To lead without a title “you will have to be unrealistically persistent and wildly courageous.” The deeper your relationships, the stronger your leadership. ‘Leadership is about having unshakeable faith in your vision and unrelenting confidence in your power to make the positive change happen. You have the power to show leadership and no one and nothing can ever deny you that.’ To be a great leader, first become a great person. Training and strengthening your inner leader will help you perform at extraordinary levels. Success is created through conscious choice. You need to have passion to do any job. It is not the title that gives you respect but the amount of contribution you make to your work. The way you start your day determines how well you will live your day. Happy people really do make happy leaders. Leadership is about correcting and criticizing others when they are doing things wrong. The secret to moving through hard times is to just keep moving forward. You will learn hard-hitting tactics to become mentally strong and physically tough enough to lead your field. This book explains real-world ways to defeat stress, build an unbeatable mind-set, unleash energy, and balance your personal life regardless of what you do within your organization and the current circumstances of your life, the single most important fact is that you have the power to show leadership.

  1. “Good to Great” by Jim Collins

Jim Collins is the author of “Good to Great.” Jim Collins evaluates the factors that allow a small fraction of companies to make the transition from merely good to truly great. Research has shown that leader who have brought the ‘Good to Great’ transformation are not the one, who is charismatic or big personality but is rather quiet, shy, deliberate. They are the one’s who have the combination of humility and professional will. It is a known fact that the right team is needed to achieve the success but what is even more important is to build the right team even before you know what and which path to take towards greatness and hence it is ‘first who then what’. After sifting through mountains of data and thousands of pages of interviews, Collins and his crew discovered the key determinants of greatness – why some companies make the leap and others don’t. Over five years, the team analyzed the histories of 28 companies from good companies to great companies.

  1. “The Success Principles” by Jack Canfield

“The Success Principles” teaches readers how to increase their confidence, tackle daily challenges, realize their ambitions and live their life with passion and purpose. In both work and life there are timeless principles. When you apply these you lead to success. This book talks about those in very practical ways and helps the reader learn what can move them forward.

The Book in Three Sentences
1.“If you want to be successful, you have to take 100% responsibility for everything that you experience in your life.”
2.“Everything you think, say, and do needs to become intentional and aligned with your highest purpose, your values, and your goals.”
3.“To achieve desired outcomes, one must replace complaining with making requests and taking action.”
The Five Big Ideas
1.“You have control over only three things in your life—the thoughts you think, the images you visualize, and the actions you take .”
2.“Stated in its most basic form, the Law of Attraction says, what you think about, talk about, believe strongly about, and feel intensely about, you will bring about.”
3.“You can lose the material things, but you can never lose your mastery—what you learn and who you become in the process of achieving your goals.”
4.“One of the great strategies for success is to act as if you already are where you want to be.”
5.“The world doesn’t pay you for what you know; it pays you for what you do.”
Summary of Success principles are
Take 100% Responsibility of Your Life. Be Clear Why You’re Here. Decide What You Want. Believe It’s Possible. Believe in Yourself. Use The Law of Attraction. Commit to Constant and Never-Ending Improvement. Keep Score for Success. Learn More to Earn More. Stay Motivated with The Masters. Mastermind Your Way to Success. Develop a Positive Money Consciousness. Connect with People Who Can Expand Your Vision. “Everything you think, say, and do needs to become intentional and aligned with your purpose, your values, and your goals.” “Everything you experience today is the result of choices you have made in the past.” “The day you change your responses is the day your life will begin to get better”. “The only thing that will change your results is to change your behavior.”
“To create a balanced and successful life, your vision needs to include the following seven areas: work and career, finances, recreation and free time, health and fitness, relationships, personal goals, and contribution to the larger community.” “Stated in its most basic form, the Law of Attraction says, what you think about, talk about, believe strongly about, and feel intensely about, you will bring about.” “Many people fail to take action because they’re afraid to fail. Successful people, on the other hand, realize that failure is an important part of the learning process.” “An important part of any focusing regimen is to set aside time at the end of the day—just before going to sleep—to acknowledge your successes, review your goals, focus on your successful future, and make specific plans for what you want to accomplish the next day.” “To learn and grow in life, you need to be teachable, too.” “To become wealthy, you’ll need to surface, identify, root out, and replace any negative or limiting beliefs you may have about money.”

6.“Emotional Intelligence 2.0″ by Travis Bradberry and Jean Graves

“Emotional Intelligence 2.0” offers a step-by-step program to increase emotional intelligence (EQ) to exceed your goals and achieve your potential. Emotional intelligence (EQ) needs little introduction, EQ is critical to your success. This book delivers via four core EQ skills that enable you to achieve your potential: 1) Self-Awareness 2) Self-Management 3) Social Awareness 4) Relationship Management. Emotional Intelligence 2.0 is a book with a single purpose increasing your EQ. It explains how to deal with emotions creatively and employ our intelligence in a beneficial way. Research shows convincingly that EQ is more important than IQ.” “We need to not only know what being emotionally intelligent means but we need to recognize how and when to apply it to our lives.

  1. “The Goal” by Eliyahu M Goldratt

This thrilling novel-style book follows the story of a plant manager whose factory is quickly heading for disaster and will face closure in 90 days unless character Alex Rogo can turn things around. Summary, own thoughts and key lessons of Eliyahu M Goldratt is as follows. Doing work and making money are not the same thing. Simplify your problem to the point where you understand the true goal of your organization. With your goal in mind, identify the constraints within your system and focus on improving the output of that constraint without worrying about the productivity of all related processes. The Theory of Constraints: Step one: identify the systems constraints. Step two: decide how to exploit the constraints. Step three: subordinate all other processes to the decisions. Step four: elevate and improve the systems constraints. Step five: if in a previous step a constraint has broken, return to step one.

The goal is not to reduce cost, but to increase throughput. A system with local maximums is not an efficient system. You should not try to maximize the productivity of every moment because it’s not an optimally designed system. Most people are so focused on technical details that they can’t see the bigger picture. Don’t bother “checking the numbers” instead “check your assumptions. Make sure the bottleneck only works on good parts by performing quality control before parts go into the bottleneck. You can’t afford to waste time within the bottleneck. The area with the biggest amount of inventory is usually a sign of a bottleneck. There is always a bottleneck in every process. You have to manage the process based on the bottleneck. Most processes are a series of dependent events. In any series of dependent events most people can only go as fast as the people in front of them. Because of this, your throughput is only the output of the final person. To learn, we should not just give people results to memorize, but stories and plots that allow us to deduce the answers.

  1. “Grit” by Angela Duckworth

Angela Duckworth has also found scientific evidence to prove that grit can grow. “Beyond talent, beyond creativity, beyond training, beyond being in the right place at the right time; success and achievement require grit.” The secret to outstanding achievement is not talent but a focused persistence called grit. Grit isn’t luck. Grit isn’t how intensely, for the moment, you want something. “A Grit is an ultimate concern.” a goal you care about so much that it organizes and gives meaning to almost everything you do. Grit is holding steadfast to that goal even when you fall down, even when you screw up, even when progress toward that goal is halting or slow. It combines resilience, ambition, and self-control in the pursuit of goals that take months, years, or even decades. Grit is great. It’s a lucid, informative, and entertaining review of the research Angela has assiduously conducted over the past decade. The book also includes suggestions on how to develop grit, and how we can help support grit in others. Angela Duckworth is a tremendous scientist. In her book “Grit,” author and psychologist Angela Duckworth explains that the secret to outstanding achievement is not talent, but a passionate persistence. Angela has found through her research that grit, which is a combination of passion and perseverance for a singularly important goal, is the hallmark of high achievers in every domain.

  1. “The Slight Edge” by Jeff Olson

In this book, author Jeff Olson teaches readers why some people make dream after dream come true, while others just continue dreaming and spend their lives building dreams for someone else. “The pain of discipline is far less than the pain of regret.” “Jeff Olson demonstrates that it is the discipline of doing the little, daily, persistent things that end up making massive differences to success at all levels – work, health, wealth.” The Slight Edge is a way of thinking, a way of processing information that enables you to make the daily choices that will lead you to the success and happiness you desire. The Slight Edge simply shows you how to create powerful results from the simple daily activities of your life, by using tools that are already within you. Discover that “one” thing that will help you achieve that goal, realize a life-long dream or propel you up the ladder to success. Once you got it, then you will discover how your philosophy… creates your attitude… creates your actions… creates your results… creates YOUR LIFE.
Consistently repeated daily actions + time = unconquerable results
1.1% improvement each day = 365% in 1 year
2.Philosophy: Plant, Cultivate, Harvest
3.95% of the people live a mediocre life; be part of the 5%
4.“Your philosophy creates your attitudes, which create your actions, which create your results, which create your life.”
5.Little daily actions are easy to do, but also easy not to do
6.Results are invisible in the beginning
7.Little actions seem insignificant, but they add up
8.Show up, show consistently, commit for the long haul, practice integrity
9.The effect of time compounding is huge
“The journey starts with a single step — not with thinking about taking a step.”
“The right choices you make today, compounded over time, will take you higher and higher up the success curve of this real-time movie called “your life” ”
“Any time you see what looks like a breakthrough, it is always the end result of a long series of little things, done consistently over time.”

10.“The Power of Full Engagement” by Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz

In this highly scientific, practical book, authors Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz demonstrate how managing energy, not time, is the key to enduring high performance as well as to health, happiness, and life balance. Managing Energy, Not Time, is the key to high performance and personal renewal tells you how to use your energy positively. The number of hours in a day are fixed and so time is not unlimited or flexible but the quality and quantity of energy in ourselves is not limited or inflexible. From the research done with these athletes, it was discovered how the focus on their energy training gave them their superlative performances. The training program has four steps, such as to mobilize 4 main energy sources, equate energy spent with regular energy refreshment, increase capacity in the similar way that some of the best athletes do and form specific and positive energy management systems. The book reveals how, by the power of full engagement, one can get into a positive routine to manage one’s energy, with a practical and scientific approach.

Summary of The Power Of Full Engagement
o 1.In order to increase performance, we need to focus on managing our energy rather than our time.
o 2.We can reach full engagement by maximizing all four of our energy levels.
o 3.In order to maintain energy levels we need to train our energetic muscles and give them time to recover.
o 4.To reach your full potential, you must develop and maintain good physical energy.
o 5.In order to maintain positive emotional energy levels, never neglect what you enjoy or your physical health.
o 6.Training your mental energy helps you stay focused and creative at the same time.
o 7.Spiritual energy is the source for motivation, derived from committing to others as well as ourselves.
o 8.To live at full engagement, you must find a positive and intrinsically motivating purpose.
o 9.We have to connect to our deepest values to fuel the energy which gives our lives purpose.
o 10.Facing the truth and accepting our limitations increases positive energy.
o 11.Rituals are powerful tools to effectively manage energy capacity.

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LARGEST 10 GREAT HYDROELECTRIC DAMS IN THE WORLD IN TERMS OF INSTALLED POWER

A hydroelectric dam is one of the major components of a hydroelectric facility. A dam is a large, man-made structure built to contain some body of water. In addition to construction for the purpose of producing hydroelectric power, dams are created to control river flow and regulate flooding. In some rivers, small scale dams known as weirs are built to control and measure water flow. Dams fall into the category of retaining structures, or structures that are built to create large standing bodies of water known as reservoirs. These reservoirs can be used for irrigation, electrical generation, or water supply. Hydroelectricity is one of the fore-runners of the renewable energy industry. Here are 10 Largest hydroelectric Dams in the World in terms of installed power.

1.Three Gorges Dam, China

The Three Gorges Dam has been the world’s largest power station in terms of installed capacity (22,500 MW) since 2012. In 2018, the dam generated 101.6 terawatt-hours (TWh). As well as producing electricity, the dam is intended to increase the Yangtze River’s shipping capacity. The dam is located 44km from the city of Yichang in Hubei province. The project has 34 generators, which includes 32 main generators. The other two are power generators with a capacity of 50MW each. When construction of the dam officially began in 1994, it was the largest engineering project in China. At the time of its completion in 2006, it was the largest dam structure in the world. The height of Three Gorges is about 594 feet (181 meters (m)) and the length is about 7,770 feet (2, 335 m).
The dam creates the Three Gorges Reservoir, which has a surface area of about 400 square miles (1,045 square kilometers) and extends upstream from the dam about 370 miles (600 kilometers). The gorge controls approximately one million square kilometres of drainage area and averages a runoff of 451 billion cubic metres annually. Ecology and environmental monitoring information system for the project was opened in 2007. Fish Nurturing Centre Base was also built for the conservation of Asian carp and other species through the eco-scheduling process. The official total cost of the Three Gorges Dam project was estimated as CNY203bn ($29bn).

2.Itaipu Dam, Brazil and Paraguay

The Itaipu Dam is a hydroelectric dam on the Parana River located on the border between Brazil and Paraguay. The volume of this Dam is 12,300,000 m3 (430,000,000 cu ft) and total capacity is 29 km3 (24,000,000 acre⋅ft). It’s location is Foz do Iguacu, ‎Hernandarias. Itaipu Hydroelectric Dam is the world’s second-largest operational hydroelectric power plant in terms of installed power. With an installed generation capacity of 14GW, the plant is operated by Itaipu Binacional and located on the border between Brazil and Paraguay. Energy generated by Itaipu helps to meet the demands of the two countries. Approximately 90% of the energy generated by the plant is used by Brazil. Itaipu has 20 generating units, each with a capacity of 700MW. The dam’s reservoir, which covers an area of 1,350km² with Spanning of 170 kilometers in length.
The name “Itaipu” was taken from an isle that existed near the construction site. In the Guarani language, Itaipu means “the sounding stone”. To ensure water quantity and quality, Itaipu has created an environmental conservation area, planting more than 44 million trees. The protected areas now total over 100,000 hectares, including reserves and wildlife refuges in both countries and the biological forest corridor that protects the reservoir.Recently, Itaipu became the first hydroelectric plant in the world to have its own protected areas and supporting landscapes which are now recognized by UNESCO as a Biosphere Reserve. Although forest conservation is an essential safety measure for water security, it also depends on other environmental priorities, especially those that relate to land use. It regularly surpasses the production of the larger dam and holds the world record for energy produced, achieving 103.1 terawatt-hours (TWh) in 2016.

3.Xiluodu Dam, China

The Xiluodu Dam is an arch dam on the Jinsha River, i.e. the upper course of the Yangtze in China. It is located near the town of Xiluodu in Yongshan County of Yunnan Province but the dam straddles into Leibo County . The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and its power station has an installed capacity of 13,860 MW. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and its power station has an installed capacity of 13,860 MW. Additionally, the dam provides for flood control, silt control and its regulated water releases are intended to improve navigation downstream. Xiluodu power plant offsets approximately 150m tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions a year. It reduces the consumption of 41 million tonnes of coal for electricity generation. The Xiluodu plant generates 64bkWh of electricity a year.
The Xiluodu plant is made up of two power houses located on both sides of the dam. The power house comprises 18 Francis turbine-generators and an air-cooled generator with 855.6MVA output. The reservoir has a total storage capacity of 16.5 billion cubic yards, of which six billion cubic yards are for flood control. The construction of the dam was carried out using belt conveyors, crawler tractors, hydraulic excavators, rock trucks and wheel loaders. The water discharge structures of Xiluodu Hydropower Station are composed of 7 surface holes of the dam body, 8 deep holes and 4 spillway tunnels on the bank. The main task of flood control operation of Xiluodu Hydropower Station is to control the flood of the Chuanjiang River section and enhance the flood control standard of cities such as Yibin along the bank, while ensuring the safety of the hydro-complex project.

4.Guri Dam, Venezuela

The Guri power project, also known as the Simon Bolivar hydroelectric power station, is located on the Caroni River in the Bolivar State of southeastern Venezuela. Installed Capacity is 10,235 MW. The power plant consists of 20 generating units of different capacities ranging between 130MW and 770MW. Surface Area of this dam is 4,250 km2 (1,641 sq mi). The Guri dam measures 532ft in height and 4,314ft in length. To free a greater proportion of the country’s petroleum for sale and export, the Venezuelan government made the bold move to transition from hydrocarbon- to hydroelectric-generated power as the country’s primary electricity source. The economic efficiency of Guri Dam’s construction can be attributed to its phased development. While other concepts called for the dam to be built to the final height at the first stage a much easier design the region would not have been able to absorb all of the generated power, making it more difficult to finance.
In addition, the compact and incremental design of the dam resulted in inexpensive power at the time approximately US$550 per kW, which attracted aluminum and iron ore smelting industries to the area. Fulfilled government’s goal to significantly decrease dependence on petroleum as a domestic power source: ability to generate more than 10,000MW and produce up to 50,000GWh per year—the equivalent of 300,000 barrels of oil per day. Alstom was awarded two contracts in 2007 and 2009 to refurbish four 400MW units and five 630MW respectively. Andritz received a contract to supply five 770MW Francis turbines for the powerhouse II of Guri in 2007. The Guri power station supplies approximately 12,900GW/h of energy for Venezuela. The plant provides approximately 50,000GW/h of energy to the country annually.

5.Belo Monte Dam, Brazil

The Belo Monte power station is owned and operated by Norte Energia. The Belo Monte hydropower project under construction on the lower reach of the Xingu River, in Para, Brazil, was installed with 9.39GW generating capacity as of September 2019. The project comprises two dams and two powerhouses, including a main powerhouse equipped with 18 Francis turbines of 611MW capacity each, and a supplemental power house with six 38.85 MW Bulb turbines. The capacity of the dam is 11,233 megawatts (MW). This Dam is the second largest hydroelectric dam in Brazil. Brazil’s rapid economic growth over the last decade has provoked a huge demand for new and stable sources of energy, especially to supply its growing industries. In Brazil, hydroelectric power plants produce over 85% of the electrical energy. The aim is to stimulate the country’s economic growth by building a huge infrastructure of roads and dams, mainly in the Amazon region. The controversial Belo Monte mega-dam in Para state has done significant socio environmental harm to the Xingu River and the indigenous and traditional people living beside it.
Important Brazilian Panel on Climate Change report warned that global warming could drop water levels all across the Amazon basin, putting hydropower in serious jeopardy. Brazil needs Belo Monte and 60 other major dam projects in the Amazon to meet its growing energy demand. Belo Monte’s 668km2 reservoir will flood over 400km2 of forest, generating enormous qualities methane, a greenhouse gas that is 25 times more potent than CO2. Like other big dams, Belo Monte would cause considerable direct and indirect environmental destruction. Belo Monte is only one dam complex, not a series of upstream dams. The government is aware that Belo Monte’s seasonal inefficiency can only be managed by creating more dam reservoirs upstream, allowing technicians to regulate river flows for the entire year. As such, project plans continue to point to the eventual construction of four dams in addition to Belo Monte: Altamira, Iriri, Pombal, and Sao Felix.

6.Tucurui Dam, Brazil

A more modest hydroelectric facility on a small river north of Manaus supplies that city with power. The Tucuruí Hydropower Complex situated on the lower Tocantins River in Tucurui, Para, Brazil. It involved installation of 11 generating units with 370MW capacity each. It is the first large-scale hydroelectric project in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. The installed capacity of the 25-unit plant is 8,370 megawatts (11,220,000 hp). The power station delivers electricity to the Belem town and the surrounding area. It is located about 350 kilometers from the state’s capital Belém, it caused the flooding of an area of about 3,014 km2 and displaced about 32,000 people. A case study on the social impacts of the Tucuruí dam by Fearnside (1999) reported a systematic overestimation of the plant’s benefits by public authorities, while social and environmental impacts have rather been downplayed, making it an example of Brazil’s unlearned lessons in hydroelectric development.
It notes that most generated power was used for the highly subsidized aluminum industry in Barcarena and Sao Luis. Additionally, dams disturb the flow and composition of the water within rivers and channels. Water released downstream from dams has unnaturally high energy and very little sediment, which causes “hungry water” to run forcefully, eroding the riverbeds, without sufficient sediment concentration to slow it down. This deepens the riverbed compared to the surrounding water table, which causes the ground water to rush into the channel and become surface water – a process known as incision.

7.Grand Coulee Dam, USA

The Grand Coulee hydropower project located on the Columbia River in Washington, US. The annual generating capacity of the plant is more than 24TWh. It consists of total 18 Francis turbines rated 125MW and three 10MW additional units. The Grand Coulee is an ancient river bed in the U.S. state. This area has underlying granite bedrock, formed deep in the Earth’s crust 40 to 60 million years ago. The land periodically uplifted and subsided over millions of years giving rise to some small mountains and, eventually, an inland sea. The dam has four power plants. It is 550 feet (167.6 meters) tall, measured from its foundation in solid granite, or approximately 350 feet (106.7 meters) from the downstream river surface to the top of the dam. It is 5,223 feet (1,592 meters) long, or 57 feet short of a mile. The two original power plants. The total generating capacity is 6,809 megawatts and its average annual energy output is about 2,300 megawatts, or enough power to continuously supply the needs of two cities the size of Seattle.
Hydropower accounts for 79.7 percent of Grand Coulee’s authorized purposes, the others being irrigation and flood control. While hydropower is the primary purpose of the dam today, the public desire for irrigation was the driving force behind its construction. Hydroelectric power plants provide a very efficient, renewable method of generating electricity without producing air pollution. Hydroelectricity produced electricity currently accounts for nearly 7% of the total electricity generated in the United States. However, currently less than 3% of all dams in the United States are used to generate electricity. This discrepancy presents a great opportunity to increase the use of renewable energy production through hydroelectric power. There are many factors which make hydroelectric energy a desirable alternative to the burning of fossil fuels, yet the construction and operation of hydroelectric plants also involves a number of disadvantages. These drawbacks include environmental changes which could adversely affect the health of humans and animals.

8.Xiangjiaba, China

Xiangjiaba is built on the outlet of Jinsha River canyon, which is located Yibin City of Sichuan and Shuifu County, Yunnan, China. The reservoir area is 458,800km² and the reservoir capacity is 5.163 billion cubic metres. The power plant is installed with eight units of 800MW each and comprises various structures for flood discharge, diversion, power generation, and ship lift. The Xiangjiaba is gravity dam with 162m-high and has a crest elevation of 384m. The annual generating capacity of the power plant is 30.88kWh. The Xiangjiaba hydropower facility exploits the lower mainstream water of Jinsha River, a tributary of the Yangtze River. After the successful launch of the Three Gorges hydro power project in 1994, the CTG was authorised for building four hydropower plants namely Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba, Wudongde and Baihetan, all located either on the mainstream or on the tributaries of the Yangtze River. The power output of the Xiangjiaba hydroelectric plant is supplied to central China and east China via the 800kV Xiangjiaba-Shanghai UHVDC (Ultra High Voltage Direct Current) transmission link.
Xiangjiaba will be the third largest hydropower project in the country, after Three Gorges and Xiluodu. As an important part of China’s Great Western Development Programme, the project is expected to drive local social and economic development. It will primarily supply power to China’s central and eastern regions, while at the same time meeting power demand in the Sichuan and Yunnan provinces. The project Xiangjiaba hydro project includes eight turbine generator sets. Major benefits are from power generation to CO2 reduction and flood control. The Xiangjiaba hydropower project brings major flood control benefits, and its combined operation with the Xiluodu hydropower project will improve flood prevention in the downstream coastal cities of Yibin, Luzhou and Chongqing.

9.Sayano-Shushenskaya, Russia

The Sayano-Shushenskaya hydropower plant located on the Yenisei River in Sayanogorsk, Khakassia, Russia. It is operated by RusHydro. An arch-gravity dam 242m tall and 1,066m long was constructed as part of the project. The power plant consists of ten Francis generating units with a capacity of 640MW each. It generates 23.5TWh of energy a year, of which 70% is delivered to four aluminium smelters in Siberia. It is the largest power plant in Russia and the 9th-largest hydroelectric plant in the world, by average power generation. Plant operated ten hydro turbines manufactured at the Leningradsky Metallichesky Zavod, each of which at 194-metre (636 ft) head. The destruction of the turbines and auxiliary equipment at Russia’s Sayano-Shushenskaya Hydro Power Plant in August 2009 claimed the lives of 75 workers and wrecked an indispensable source of electricity that will take years to fully restore.
The disaster, as this report explains, was predictable and preventable. technicians were operating multiple hydroelectric turbines at the plant, including Unit 2, and plant maintenance work on other equipment was continuing. About 70% of the energy generated by RusHydro goes to United Company Rusal’s aluminum smelters, which produce about 12% of the world’s aluminum. It consists of a solid left-bank dam 246.1 metres long, a power dam 331.8 metres long, a spillway dam 189.6 metres long and a solid right-bank dam 298.5 metres long. The dam supports the Sayano-Shushenskoe reservoir, with a total capacity of 31.34 km3, useful capacity of 15.34 km3 and surface area of 621 km2.

10.Longtan Dam, China

The Longtan hydropower project located on the Hongshui River in Tian’e County, Guangxi, China, is the sixth biggest in Asia. The hydroelectric power station consists of nine Francis 700MW generating units. The Longtan dam is a roller-compacted concrete gravity dam 216.5m in height and 832m in width. The dam is intended for hydroelectric power production, flood control and navigation. The dam contains seven surface spillways, two bottom outlets and an underground power station. This gravity dam more than 700 feet tall, So this is the tallest of its type in the world. The hydroelectric power station consists of 9 power generating units with a capacity of more than 17.3 billion kilowatt hours. This system of valves provides a high quality, reliable solution to the stringent requirements of one of the largest and most advanced hydroelectric generation plants of its kind, ensuring optimal utilization of available natural resources. The project is owned by Longtan Hydropower Development. The dam’s newest hydroelectric turbine was installed in 2009. The design and construction of the dam have applied the state of the art of modern RCC and it also represents the highest level of present RCC construction. After reservoir impoundment, the dam’s operation is normal and presents good performance.

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