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THE 10 GREAT MOST DOMINANT AMERICAN ATHLETES OF THE 2016 GAMES

by Sree DivyaAugust 31, 2021August 31, 2021UncategorizedLeave a Comment

Olympic Games, athletic festival that originated in ancient Greece and was revived in the late 19th century. Before the 1970s the Games were officially limited to competitors with amateur status, but in the 1980s many events were opened to professional athletes. Currently, the Games are open to all, even the top professional athletes in basketball and football (soccer). The ancient Olympic Games included several of the sports that are now part of the Summer Games program, which at times has included events in as many as 32 different sports. In 1924 the Winter Games were sanctioned for winter sports. An ancient Panhellenic festival held every fourth year and made up of contests of sports, music, and literature with the victor’s prize a crown of wild olive. Jamaican Usain Bolt, who won gold medals in three sprint races for the third consecutive time and ended his career, maybe, tied with Carl Lewis and Paavo Nurmi for the most Olympic track and field titles. Here is the list of 10 most dominant American athletes of the 2016 games.

1.Ashton Eaton, track and field

Ashton James Eaton was born on born January 21, 1988 in Portland, Oregon. He holds the world record in the indoor heptathlon event. Eaton was the second decathlete (after Roman Šebrle) to break the 9,000-point barrier in the decathlon, with 9,039 points, a score he bettered on August 29, 2015, when he beat his own world record with a score of 9,045 points. Eaton is only the third Olympian (after Bob Mathias of the US and Great Britain’s Daley Thompson) to achieve back-to-back gold medals in the decathlon. Eaton competed for the University of Oregon, where he was a five-time NCAA champion, and won The Bowerman award in 2010. In 2011, Eaton won the first international medal of his career, a silver, in the decathlon at the 2011 World Championships. The following year, Eaton broke his own world record in the heptathlon at the 2012 World Indoor Championships, and then broke the world record in the decathlon at the Olympic Trials. After setting the world record, Eaton won the gold medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. He successfully defended his Olympic title in Rio 2016 by winning the decathlon gold medal and tying the Olympic record. Eaton ran the 100 meters in 10.46, long-jumped over 26 feet and pole-vaulted 17 feet. His father Roslyn Eaton also played the sport. His mother was an athlete and a dancer.

2.Katie Ledecky, swimming

Kathleen Genevieve Ledecky was born on March 17, 1997 in Washington, D.C.. She is the daughter of Mary Gen (Hagan) and David Ledecky. She is considered one of the greatest female swimmers of all time. She won 7 Olympic gold medals and 15 world championship gold medals, the most in history for a female swimmer. At the 2012 London Olympic Games as a 15-year-old, Ledecky won the gold medal in the women’s 800-metre freestyle. Four years later, she left Rio de Janeiro as the most decorated female athlete of the 2016 Olympic Games, with four gold medals, one silver medal, and two world records. In total, she has won 38 medals (30 golds, 7 silvers, and 1 bronze) in major international competitions, spanning the Summer Olympics, World Championships, and Pan Pacific Championships. she has broken fourteen world records. Ledecky’s success has earned her Swimming World’s Female World Swimmer of the Year a record-breaking five times. Ledecky was also named Associated Press Female Athlete of the Year in 2017, international female Champion of Champions by L’Équipe in 2014 and 2017, United States Olympic Committee Female Athlete of the Year in 2013, 2016 and 2017, and Sportswoman of the Year by the Women’s Sports Foundation in 2017. she is the most dominant athlete in the world.

3.Simone Biles, gymnastics

Simone Arianne Biles was born on March 14, 1997 in in Columbus, Ohio. She is an American artistic gymnast. Biles is considered one of the greatest and most dominant gymnasts of all time. Biles’ seven Olympic medals also ties Shannon Miller for the most Olympic medals won by an American female gymnast. At the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Biles won individual gold medals in the all-around, vault, and floor; bronze on balance beam; and gold as part of the United States team, dubbed the “Final Five”.[6] At the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, she won bronze on balance beam, as well as silver with the United States team, after struggling with “the twisties”, a temporary loss of air balance awareness. Biles is a five-time World all-around champion, five-time World floor exercise champion, three-time World balance beam champion, two-time World vault champion, a seven-time United States national all-around champion, and a member of the gold medal-winning American teams at the 2014, 2015, 2018, and 2019 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships. Additionally, she is a three-time World silver medalist and a three-time World bronze medalist. Biles is the gymnast with the most World medals (25) and most World gold medals (19), having surpassed Vitaly Scherbo’s record 23 World medals by winning her 24th and 25th, both gold, at the 2019 competition in Stuttgart. Biles is the sixth woman to win an individual all-around title at both the World Championships and the Olympics.

4.Tianna Bartoletta, track and field

Tianna Bartoletta was born on August 30, 1985 in Elyria, Ohio. She is an American track and field athlete who specializes in the long jump and short sprinting events. At the 2012 Summer Olympics she placed fourth in the 100m race then won her first gold by leading off the world record-setting 4 × 100 m relay team. At the 2016 Summer Olympics she won two more golds, first with a personal best to win the long jump then again leading off the victorious 4 × 100 m relay team. She won three gold medals. She was a winner of the long jump World Championship in 2005 and 2015, plus the long jump World Indoor Championship in 2006. She also was a pusher on the U.S. bobsled team in 2012. In August of 2020 Tianna Bartoletta would be joining SPIRE Institute and Academy as an ambassador. Tianna was named a 2002 American Track & Field Outdoor All-American. became the third athlete in Ohio history to win four events at a state championship meet two years in a row.

5.Maggie Steffens, water polo

Margaret Ann Steffens was born on June 4, 1993. She is an American water polo player. At the 2020 Summer Olympics, Steffens set a new Olympic record for the most number of goals scored by an individual player in women’s water polo at the Olympic Games. She won the gold medal with the United States at the 2012,[1] 2016[2] and 2020 Summer Olympics. Steffens played water polo at Monte Vista High School and helped the team win their league championship in 2007, 2008, and 2009. In 2015, Steffens scored four goals in the semifinal game against USC, which Stanford won, 9-8. In 2017, she scored three goals in Stanford’s 8-7 championship victory against UCLA, including the winning goal with 9 seconds left. In 2015 and again in 2017 she was named the MVP of the NCAA tournament. Steffens graduated from Stanford in June, 2017 with a B.S. degree in Science, Technology, and Society.

6.Helen Maroulis, wrestling

Helen Louise Maroulis was born on September 19, 1991 in Rockville, Maryland. Helen Maroulis’s parents are Paula and Yiannis “John” Maroulis. Her father is Greek. She is an American freestyle wrestler who competes in the women’s 55-kg 53-kg and 57-kg categories. Being too careful cost her a chance to become the first American woman to win two Olympic gold medals in freestyle wrestling. She lost to Risako Kawai of Japan 2-1 in the 57-kilogram semifinals. She was a gold medalist at the 2015 World Wrestling Championships in Las Vegas, Nevada and a gold medalist at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Mexico. At the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil she became the first-ever American to win a gold medal in women’s freestyle wrestling at the Olympic Games. She went to join Missouri Baptist University women’s wrestling team in Saint Louis, Missouri, before ultimately transferring to compete for Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.[6] At the age-group level, Maroulis was a three-time Junior World medalist (bronze in 2008 & 2010, silver in 2011). Maroulis beat Saori Yoshida 4-1 to win a gold medal at the 2016 Rio Olympics. This was the first Olympic gold medal for the United States in a women’s wrestling event.[8] Maroulis attributes a large portion of her success to the coaching of Valentin Kalika.

7.Matthew Centrowitz, track and field

Matthew Centrowitz Jr. was born on October 18, 1989 in Beltsville, Maryland. Matthew Centrowitz is an American middle-distance runner. He is the 2016 Olympic champion in the 1500 meters. He became a prominent figure in U.S. running when he won a bronze medal at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics. A seasoned competitor with a potent finishing kick, he competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the 1500 meters—where he finished 4th by only 0.04 seconds. At the 2013 World Championships in Athletics, Centrowitz improved on his bronze medal performance with a silver in the same event. At the 2016 World Indoor Championships, he won his first major international championship in the 1500 meters. He then won the gold medal in the 1500 meters at the 2016 Summer Olympics[3] in Rio de Janeiro with the slowest winning time since 1932, becoming the first U.S. runner to win the event since 1908. His time of 4:08.38 for the mile at the Penn Relays in April 2007 established a meet record.[10] That same year, he also went on to set the Maryland state record over 1600 meters in 4:04.09 [11] and won a gold medal at the Pan American Junior Championships held in São Paulo, Brazil in the 1500m run. In 2011, he announced his decision to turn professional, forgoing his further participation on the University of Oregon team. His decision to turn professional resulted in his becoming a Nike-sponsored athlete, and he joined the Nike Oregon Project, where he was coached by Alberto Salazar.

8.Michael Phelps, swimming

Michael Fred Phelps II was born on June 30, 1985 in Baltimore, Maryland. Michael Phelps is an American former competitive swimmer. His mother, Deborah Sue “Debbie” Phelps, is a middle school principal. His father, Michael Fred Phelps, is a retired Maryland State Trooper He won total of 28 medals. Michael Fred Phelps holds the all-time records for Olympic gold medals (23),[9] Olympic gold medals in individual events (13), and Olympic medals in individual events (16).[10] When Phelps won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Games, he broke fellow American swimmer Mark Spitz’s 1972 record of seven first-place finishes at any single Olympic Games. At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Phelps won four gold and two silver medals, and at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, he won five gold medals and one silver. This made him the most successful athlete of the Games for the fourth Olympics. He has won 82 medals in major international long course competitions, of which 65 were gold, 14 silver, and three bronze, spanning the Olympics, the World Championships, and the Pan Pacific Championships. Phelps’s international titles and record-breaking performances have earned him the World Swimmer of the Year Award eight times and American Swimmer of the Year Award eleven times, as well as the FINA Swimmer of the Year Award in 2012 and 2016. At the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro,[14] his fifth Olympics, he was selected by his team to be the flag bearer of the United States at the 2016 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations.

9.Ryan Crouser, track and field

Ryan Crouser was born on December 18, 1992 in Portland, Oregon. Ryan Crouser is an American shot putter and discus thrower. His father, Mitch Crouser , was an alternate on the 1984 Olympic discus team. He is a two time Olympic gold medalist and Olympic Record holder and the World Record holder in the shot put, both indoor and outdoor. He 2021, he threw 22.82 m (74 ft 10+1⁄2 in) to set a new world indoor shotput record (pending ratification) in Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA. The previous world indoor record of 22.66 m (74 ft 4 in) was set by Barnes in 1989.[2] Crouser also had a 22.70 m (74 ft 5+1⁄2 in) throw in the fourth round that broke the 32-year-old world record. Crouser is the reigning consecutive two-time Olympic champion. He won the gold medal in the shot put at the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics, setting the Olympic Games record of 22.52 m (73 ft 10+1⁄2 in).[4] He defended the Olympic title at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, improving the Olympic record to 23.30 m (76 ft 5+1⁄4 in). All six of his throws in the competition broke his previous 2016 Olympic Record. In 2020, he was named a finalist for Male Track and Field World Athlete of the Year[6] by World Athletics, the international governing body for track and field. In 2020 he won third on the world all time list.

10.Claressa Shields, boxing

Claressa Maria Shields was born on March 17, 1995 in Flint, Michigan. Claressa Shields is an American professional boxer and mixed martial artist. She has held multiple world championships in three weight classes, including the undisputed female light middleweight title since March 2021; the undisputed female middleweight title from 2019 to 2020; and the unified WBC and IBF female super middleweight titles from 2017 to 2018. As of November 2020, she is ranked as the world’s best active female light middleweight by The Ring[5] and BoxRec,[6] as well as the best active female boxer. Claressa Shields is the only boxer in history, female or male, to hold all four major world titles in boxing—WBA, WBC, IBF and WBO—simultaneously, in two weight classes. She is the first woman to win lineal championships in two weight classes. In a decorated amateur career, Shields won gold medals in the women’s middleweight division at the 2012 and 2016 Olympics, making her the first American boxer to win consecutive Olympic medals.

THE 10 GREAT BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR 2021 IN THE WORLD

by Sree DivyaAugust 30, 2021August 30, 2021UncategorizedLeave a Comment

Books contain information, stories, or poetry etc. of the world’s most successful entrepreneurs and leaders are avid readers. Even fictional novels are praised for their excellence by successful businessman. A great book influences your life. It influences your thought process. Any book that teaches you to be fair to the world is a great book. Reader has a lot of benefits like increase your vocabulary, improve focus and concentration, reduce stress and improve your memory. If you’re struggling to find a career, Advice from an expert, however, might be just the thing is to pick up one of these published career advice books. 2021 has brought us some incredible titles of best books to read. Here is the list of powerful memoirs, page-turning novels, and more.

1.Project Hail Mary
by Andy Weir

Project Hail Mary is a tale of discovery, speculation, and survival that takes us to places we’ve never dreamed of going. Project Hail Mary is a 2021 science fiction novel by Andy Weir. Set in the near future, the novel centers on middle school-teacher-turned-astronaut Ryland Grace, who wakes up from a coma afflicted with amnesia. Alone astronaut must save the earth from disaster in this irresistible interstellar adventure as only Andy Weir could deliver. He gradually remembers that he was sent to the Tau Ceti solar system, 12 light-years from Earth, to find a means of reversing a solar dimming event that could cause the extinction of humanity. The film rights have been purchased by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and actor Ryan Gosling plans to star as Grace in the film adaptation. Ryland Grace is a devoted junior-high school science teacher in the United States, having left his former career as a molecular biologist. He is recruited by Eva Stratt, head of a UN task force, to find the cause of a solar dimming event that could end humanity. Ryland Grace is the sole survivor on a desperate, last-chance mission and if he fails, humanity and the earth itself will perish.

2.Klara and the Sun
by Kazuo Ishiguro

Klara and the Sun is the eighth novel by the Nobel Prize-winning British writer Kazuo Ishiguro, published on 2 March 2021. Klara and the Sun is a thrilling book that offers a look at our changing world through the eyes of Klara. The novel is set in a dystopian future in which some children are genetically engineered for enhanced academic ability. As schooling is provided entirely at home by on-screen tutors, opportunities for socialization are limited and parents who can afford it often buy their children androids as companions. The book is narrated by one such Artificial Friend (AF) called Klara. It is obvious to Klara that they have died, and she is surprised the next morning to see that they are living and that the sun has with his great kindness saved them with a special kind of nourishment. From Josie’s bedroom Klara has a good view of the sun’s progress across the sky, and comes to believe that he goes to his nightly rest within a farmer’s barn that stands on the horizon. With Rick’s help, she makes her way there one evening across the grasslands. Although surprised to find the sun’s resting place is not actually in the barn, she pleads with him to pour his special kind of nourishment onto Josie and to save her life, as he did the beggar. She offers in return to find and destroy the pollution-creating Cootings Machine. Klara and the Sun received favourable reviews, with a cumulative “Positive” rating at the review aggregator website Book Marks. The novel was read on BBC Radio 4 by actress Lydia Wilson, abridged by Richard Hamilton. It was broadcast in ten parts between 7 March and 19 March 2021. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, tells the story of Klara, an Artificial Friend with outstanding observational qualities, from her place in the store, watches carefully the behavior of those who come in to browse, and of those who pass on the street outside.

3.Effortless
by Greg McKeown

Whereas Essentialism is about choosing where to focus your energy, Effortless is about how you functionally structure your work to make the most essential activities the easiest ones to achieve. Essentialism comes an empowering guide to achieving your goals. Effortless shows that achieving more doesn’t have to be as hard as we make it out to be’ . Million copy selling Essentialism comes an empowering guide to achieving your goals. As high achievers, we’ve been conditioned to believe that the path to success is paved with relentless work. That if we want to overachieve, we have to overexert, overthink, and overdo. That if we aren’t perpetually exhausted, we’re not doing enough. Greg McKeown is a speaker, a bestselling author, and the host of the popular podcast What’s Essential. Best Quotes are
• When we apply effortless actions to high-leverage activities the return on our effort compounds.
• When we invite joy into our daily routine, we are no longer yearning for the far-off day when it might arrive. That day is always today.
• After I complain, I will say something I am thankful for.
• When we are fully present with another person we see them more clearly, and we help them see themselves more clearly.
• Simplicity, the art of maximizing the steps not taken, is essential.
• Most geniuses prosper not by deconstructing intricate complexities, but by exploiting unrecognized simplicities. -Andy Benoit
• There is no mastery without mistakes.
• If you are not embarrassed by your first product launch, you launched it too late. -Reid Hoffman
• The most useful knowledge often comes from fields different than our own.

4.Gold Diggers
by Sanjena Sathian

A magical realism coming-of-age story, Gold Diggers skewers the model minority myth to tell a hilarious and moving story about immigrant identity, community, and the underside of ambition. The narrator of “Gold Diggers” is an endearing young man named Neil Narayan, an Indian American living in Atlanta. The first half of the novel is concerned with Neil’s adolescence, and in particular his relationship with the mercurial Anita, his neighbor and childhood friend who’s been changing on him, which he doesn’t appreciate. Throughout the book, Neil is quietly searching for something that will help him know, a narrative he can fit himself into in this country his parents decided he should grow up in and belong to. He finds one such narrative in the library, where a physicist named Pramesh tells Neil about a Bombayan gold digger in California during the Gold Rush. The story sparks Neil’s imagination: “If I had roots in American soil … if our collective past was more textured than I’d been led to believe, then, well, maybe there were other ways of being brown on offer.” In history, we can find reflections of ourselves, trajectories we haven’t imagined we might fit into. But history is tricky, too, in that it is most often written by those in positions of power, those with the ability to erase the existence or the importance of others. Sometimes the only way to assert a history is to write into it, read between the lines, and add a sprinkle of invention.

5.Luck of the Titanic

by Stacey Lee

The richly imagined story of Valora and Jamie Luck, twin British-Chinese acrobats traveling aboard the Titanic on its ill-fated maiden voyage. Valora Luck has two things: a ticket for the biggest and most luxurious ocean liner in the world, and a dream of leaving England behind and making a life for herself as a circus performer in New York. Much to her surprise, though, she’s turned away at the gangway; apparently, Chinese people aren’t allowed into America. Luck of the Titanic is a historical fiction that works to tell the story of the six Titanic survivors of Chinese descent. It follows twin siblings, Valora and Jamie Luck, two twin British-Chinese acrobats traveling aboard the Titanic’s maiden voyage, which was the same time of the Chinese Exclusion Act. Determined to make it to America, Valora brews a plan that will allow them to get into America before the ship makes it across the Atlantic.

6.Four Hundred Souls
by Ibram X. Kendi and Keisha N. Blain

A chorus of extraordinary voices tells the epic story of the four-hundred-year journey of African Americans from 1619 to the present. This collection of diverse pieces from ninety different minds, reflecting ninety different perspectives unlocks the startling range of experiences and ideas that have always existed within the community of Blackness. The story begins in 1619—a year before the Mayflower—when the White Lion disgorges “some 20-and-odd Negroes” onto the shores of Virginia, inaugurating the African presence in what would become the United States. It takes us to the present, when African Americans, descendants of those on the White Lion and a thousand other routes to this country, continue a journey defined by inhuman oppression, visionary struggles, stunning achievements, and millions of ordinary lives passing through extraordinary history. While themes of resistance and struggle, of hope and reinvention, course through the book, this collection of diverse pieces from ninety different minds, reflecting ninety different perspectives, fundamentally deconstructs the idea that Africans in America are a monolith—instead it unlocks the startling range of experiences and ideas that have always existed within the community of Blackness.

7.People We Meet on Vacation
by Emily Henry

From the bestselling author of Beach Read comes a sparkling new novel that will leave you with the warm, hazy afterglow usually reserved for the best vacations. Two best friends. Ten summer trips. One last chance to fall in love. Poppy and Alex. Alex and Poppy. They have nothing in common. She’s a wild child; he wears khakis. She has insatiable wanderlust; he prefers to stay home with a book. And somehow, ever since a fateful car share home from college many years ago, they are the very best of friends. For most of the year they live far apart—she’s in New York City, and he’s in their small hometown—but every summer, for a decade, they have taken one glorious week of vacation together. Until two years ago, when they ruined everything. They haven’t spoken since. Poppy has everything she should want, but she’s stuck in a rut. When someone asks when she was last truly happy, she knows, without a doubt, it was on that ill-fated, final trip with Alex. And so, she decides to convince her best friend to take one more vacation together—lay everything on the table, make it all right. Miraculously, he agrees. Now she has a week to fix everything. If only she can get around the one big truth that has always stood quietly in the middle of their seemingly perfect relationship.

8.Crying in H Mart
by Michelle Zauner

Crying in H Mart: A Memoir is a 2021 memoir by Michelle Zauner, singer and guitarist of the musical project Japanese Breakfast. It is her debut book, published on April 20, 2021, by Alfred A. Knopf. From the indie rockstar of Japanese Breakfast fame comes an unflinching, powerful memoir about growing up Korean American, losing her mother, and forging her own identity. Vivacious and plainspoken, lyrical and honest, Zauner’s voice is as radiantly alive on the page as it is onstage. In this story of family, food, grief, and endurance, Michelle Zauner proves herself far more than a singer, songwriter, and guitarist. With humor and heart, she tells of growing up the only Asian American kid at her school in Eugene, Oregon; of struggling with her mother’s particular, high expectations of her; of a painful adolescence; of treasured months spent in her grandmother’s tiny apartment in Seoul, where she and her mother would bond, late at night, over heaping plates of food. As she grew up, moving to the East Coast for college, finding work in the restaurant industry, and performing gigs with her fledgling band–and meeting the man who would become her husband–her Koreanness began to feel ever more distant, even as she found the life she wanted to live. It was her mother’s diagnosis of terminal pancreatic cancer, when Michelle was twenty-five, that forced a reckoning with her identity and brought her to reclaim the gifts of taste, language, and history her mother had given her. Its title is a reference to H Mart, a Korean-American supermarket chain.

9.Malibu Rising
by Taylor Jenkins Reid

Four famous siblings throw an epic party to celebrate the end of the summer. But over the course of twenty-four hours, their lives will change forever and secrets that shaped this family’s generations will all come rising to the surface. Malibu: August, 1983. It’s the day of Nina Riva’s annual end-of-summer party, and anticipation is at a fever pitch. Everyone wants to be around the famous Rivas: Nina, the talented surfer and supermodel; brothers Jay and Hud, one a championship surfer, the other a renowned photographer; and their adored baby sister, Kit. Together, the siblings are a source of fascination in Malibu and the world over—especially as the offspring of the legendary singer, Mick Riva.
The only person not looking forward to the party of the year is Nina herself, who never wanted to be the center of attention, and who has also just been very publicly abandoned by her pro tennis player husband. Oh, and maybe Hud—because it is long past time to confess something to the brother from whom he’s been inseparable since birth. Jay, on the other hand, is counting the minutes until nightfall, when the girl he can’t stop thinking about promised she’ll be there. Kit has a couple secrets of her own—including a guest she invited without consulting anyone. By midnight the party will be completely out of control. By morning, the Riva mansion will have gone up in flames. But before that first spark in the early hours before dawn, the alcohol will flow, the music will play, and the loves and secrets that shaped this family’s generations will all come bubbling to the surface. Malibu Rising is a story about one unforgettable night in the life of a family: the night they each have to choose what they will keep from the people who made them.

10.Set Boundaries, Find Peace

by Nedra Glover Tawwab

In a relatable and inclusive tone, Set Boundaries, Find Peace presents simple-yet-powerful ways to establish healthy boundaries in all aspects of life. These techniques will help you end the struggle, speak up for what you need, and experience the freedom of being truly yourself. Healthy boundaries. We all know we should have them–in order to achieve work/life balance, cope with toxic people, and enjoy rewarding relationships with partners, friends, and family. But what do “healthy boundaries” really mean–and how can we successfully express our needs, say “no,” and be assertive without offending others. Licensed counselor, sought-after relationship expert, and one of the most influential therapists on Instagram Nedra Glover Tawwab demystifies this complex topic for today’s world. In a relatable and inclusive tone, Set Boundaries, Find Peace presents simple-yet-powerful ways to establish healthy boundaries in all aspects of life. Rooted in the latest research and best practices used in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), these techniques help us identify and express our needs clearly and without apology–and unravel a root problem behind codependency, power struggles, anxiety, depression, burnout, and more.

Tagged : 10 / 2021 / book / books / by Andy Weir / by Emily Henry / by Greg McKeown / by Ibram X. Kendi and Keisha N. Blain / by Kazuo Ishiguro / by Michelle Zauner / by Nedra Glover Tawwab / by Sanjena Sathian / by Stacey Lee / by Taylor Jenkins Reid / Crying in H Mart / Effortless / Find Peace / Four Hundred Souls / Gold Diggers / great / in / Klara and the Sun / Luck of the Titanic / Malibu Rising / most / mostly / must / of / People We Meet on Vacation / Project Hail Mary / read / readable / reading / Set Boundaries / ten / the / top / world / year

THE 10 GREAT GOOD HABITS TO HAVE IN LIFE TO BE MORE SUCCESSFUL

by Sree DivyaJuly 4, 2021March 31, 2022UncategorizedLeave a Comment

Success is the ability to achieve personal, professional, and life goals. This is done through proper planning, hard work, and will. The successful person is the person who is capable of making the critical, bold decisions to reach his desired goals. They set real goals that they can accomplish. They know that they make their own luck. Successful person is who trying to live a happy life and to make this world a better place for everyone. Interestingly, you follow this routine every day without thinking twice. Your unconscious daily habits create room for your brain to perform more advanced activities like problem-solving and analysis. Here is the list of 10 Good Habits to have in life to become more successful person. Good habits are those that get you closer to living your best life and are fundamental to becoming successful and happy. Here is the list of 10 Good Habits to Have in Life to Be More Successful.

1.Begin Your Day With Meditation

Doing Meditation early in the morning helps you to handle challenging situations during the day. Meditation helps you to remain calm before taking on the challenges. Meditation is a good habit to have if you want to be connected to what’s significant in your life. This practice helps you to place yourself in the present moment. With Meditation we can reduce stress, enhance performance, gain insight and awareness through observing our own mind, and increase our attention to others’ well-being. It helps you to devise strategies and think creatively. There are a million things demanding our time and attention every single day. Most of us spend our time running as fast as we can just to keep up. It doesn’t matter who you are or what you’re into, you can benefit from meditation. Meditation also enhances activity in the area of your brain that’s associated with positive emotions and experiences. Some studies suggest that meditation helps combat depression and anxiety, while others say that regular meditation may improve pain tolerance.

Be Grateful for What You Have

Starting a daily practice of gratitude can help you recognize the positive in your life instead of focusing on the negative. Being thankful and grateful for all the good things you have can actually make you happier. “When you arise in the morning give thanks for the food and for the joy of living. “Be grateful in your own hearts. Thanksgiving has wings, and flies to its right destination.” We focus so much on the negative that the positive loses its place in our hearts. We all have unique things to be thankful for and learning how to practice gratitude brings us to a happier state of mind every day. Gratitude promotes optimism and helps us to develop a more positive outlook. Write down one thing each day you could do to improve your life. Challenges justify the presence of hope. The only strategy you have to stop focusing on your problems is to focus on what you have. Gratitude is a time-tested pathway to success, health, and happiness. It redirects your focus to what you have from what you lack.

3.Smile

Smiling is our first facial expression. A genuine smile is a good habit to have if you want to find spiritual, emotional, and mental peace of mind. A smile is the universal sign for happiness. Smiling makes you more attractive to others. Smiling reduces blood pressure. Smiling boost’s your immune system. Smiling uses 5-53 muscles. Smiling can help you live longer. A Smiling induces the release of molecules that help in fighting stress. The physiological state of your body determines the state of your mind. When you slouch or frown, your mind takes cues related to unhappiness and depression. Everyone loves the quote “laughter is the best medicine.” Simulating a genuine smile can boost your mood. Smile makes you sound friendly. Babies are born with the ability to smile.

4.Eat a Healthy Breakfast

The name suggests, breakfast breaks the overnight fasting period. We may not have eaten for up to 10 hours. Breakfast replenishes the stores of energy and nutrients in your body. Healthy Breakfast replenishes your supply of glucose to boost your energy levels and alertness, while also providing other essential nutrients required for good health. It improves your energy levels and ability to concentrate in the short term, and can help with better weight management, reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease in the long term. Healthy Breakfast it promotes a healthy heart by preventing diabetes and lowering blood pressure. Essential Breakfast foods are rich in key nutrients such as folate, calcium, iron, B vitamins and fibre. The body’s energy source is glucose. Glucose is broken down and absorbed from the carbohydrates you eat. The body stores most of its energy as fat. But your body also stores some glucose as glycogen, most of it in your liver, with smaller amounts in your muscles. Studies have shown that eating eggs at breakfast increases feelings of fullness, reduces calorie intake at the next meal and helps maintain steady blood sugar and insulin levels. Oatmeal, Chia seeds, Yogurt, Berries, Nuts, Protein shake, Fruits, Cheese are good choice of Healthy Breakfast. A healthy breakfast has many health benefits, so try not to skip it.

5.Exercise Daily

Fitness can instill in you the fundamental building blocks necessary for achieving success. People who don’t regularly exercise may lose up to 80% of their muscle strength by age of 65. Exercising improves brain performance. Working out sharpens your memory. Exercising boosts self-confidence. Exercise involves engaging in physical activity and increasing the heart rate beyond resting levels. It is an important part of preserving physical and mental health. It increases the red blood cell count to enhance oxygen transportation. Regular exercise helps you lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels. The pressure on your feet is equal to about 3-4 times your body weight with each step while running. You use 200 muscles to take a single step forward. Your heart is the hardest working muscle in your body. It beats approximately 100,000 times per day, pumping almost 2,000 gallons of blood. Countless successful people, from Fortune 500 CEOs to entrepreneurs and celebrities, have discovered the undeniable connection between fitness and success. When you make exercise a non-negotiable in your life, you are committing to your growth.

6.Manage Your Time

Another good habit is the act of managing your time effectively. This goes a long way toward impacting your achievement. your calendar for more long-term time management. Write down the deadlines for projects, or for tasks that are part of completing the overall project. Time management is the process of planning and controlling how much time to spend on specific activities. Good time management enables an individual to complete more in a shorter period of time, lowers stress, and leads to career success. The ability to manage your time effectively is important. Good time management leads to improved efficiency and productivity, less stress, and more success in life. Setting time constraints for completing tasks helps you be more focused and efficient. Make sure you start every day with a clear idea of what you need to do. Utilize Time management is the way we organize and distribute our time between activities, with the result of maximizing productivity and achieving goals. Create a daily schedule and stick with it, this step is absolutely crucial for learning how to manage time at work. Before you leave work for the day, create a list of the most pressing tasks for the next day.

7.Set Daily Goals With Intentions

Everyone has goals, whether they relate to business or their personal life. The truth is that we’re all tending towards a particular direction. Nevertheless, while long-term goals can offer you direction, it’s your daily goals that help you develop short-term goals that are essential for your success. Long-term goals may not give you the motivation you need to keep on, but when you implement your short-term milestones daily, you become fired up, and you can overcome the challenges that come with taking on bigger tasks. If you set your focus or brain filter to your goals with a specific intention, your brain will filter through all the information you receive automatically and hand you information relevant to your goal. It is an incredibly powerful tool to switch from negative thinking to positive. Doing your best each day to achieve your goals is important, and sometimes you just need to focus on the fact that you aren’t going to give half your best today. Setting intentions can make you more effective. Invent an accountability system. Setting your intentions once is great, but the more you do it, the more driven and focused your life will be. Find a way to stay accountable.

Seek Inspiration

The word “inspiration” usually means something that mentally stimulates you. But “inspiration” also means to breathe in. The meanings poetically combine when you think of yourself breathing in thoughts, filling your body with ideas. But don’t forget to breathe out. Inspiration is the fuel for achievement because when you can conceive it in your mind, you can accomplish it. It is usually difficult to be inspired and feel good for a considerable length of time. Sometimes, you become discouraged and feel like giving up on your goals when things are not working out as intended. When you wake up in the morning (after meditation), watch some motivational videos and let the story of great leaders inspire you. Nothing is truly inspiring unless you apply it to your work. The inspiration is applying what you’ve received. “When we seek to discover the best in others, we somehow bring out the best in ourselves.” The golden opportunity you are seeking is in yourself. It is not in your environment, it is not in luck or chance, or the help of others; it is in yourself alone.”

Save Steadily and Invest With Prudence

The prudent-person rule is a legal principle that is used to restrict the choices of the financial manager of an account to the types of investments that a person seeking reasonable income and preservation of capital might buy for his or her own portfolio. I can’t exhaust the good habits to have without talking about saving and investing. Most times, you overlook the significance of saving for the future when you are living in your present moment. It is not enough to save, and you must invest your funds and be wise with them. If you pay attention to this now, you will set yourself up for a life of success in the future. Plan out how much you are allowed to spend. Do not be financially dependent on other people. Use saving tactics. Before you go shopping, write a list and stick to it; don’t be tempted to buy anything you don’t need. Investments involve putting money to work to create wealth for achieving long-term goals like child’s education, house etc.

10.Budget and Track Your Spending

It is easy to discard little expenses, but the truth is they always add up. This happens when you fail to budget. Budgeting is a good habit to have, and it can impact your financial life significantly. The money you spend on extravagant lifestyles can be saved and invested in your future instead. Budgeting apps are designed to allocate a certain amount of spendable income each month depending on what you’re taking in and what you’re paying out. You need guidelines to follow so that you can achieve your other savings goals without overdrawing your account. Record keeping helps you to stay on top of what you owe and to pay your bills on time. It means collecting receipts and looking at the total on the bottom to make sure the correct amount was charged to your credit card or debited from your bank account. Handling expenses can be stressful, difficult and time consuming, sometimes we find it difficult to track our daily expenses.

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THE 10 GREAT COUNTRIES WITH BEST PUBLIC HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS IN THE WORLD IN 2020

by Sree DivyaJune 30, 2021June 30, 2021UncategorizedLeave a Comment

The latest Best Countries rankings examined how people around the globe perceive the quality of the healthcare system in their countries of residence. The quality and efficiency of a country’s health care system can have a massive impact on its inhabitants’ quality of life. The health of a nation depends largely on how the system can cater for their people, which is why a good public health care system is so important. Healthcare is the maintenance or improvement of health via the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of illness, injury, disease, and other physical or mental impairments. Healthcare includes dentistry, psychology, nursing, medicine, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and more. Access to healthcare varies across countries, municipalities, and individuals and is primarily influenced by economic and social factors. According to the World Health Organization, a well-functioning healthcare system requires a steady financing mechanism, a properly-trained and adequately-paid workforce, well-maintained facilities, and access to reliable information to base decisions on. Having access to healthcare is seen as a fundamental human right by many people. Lack of quality healthcare can result in a poor quality of life and lower life expectancy than countries with a stable and accessible healthcare system. Countries with efficient and effective health care systems have overall better health outcomes. As a matter of fact, inflation in medicare is higher than inflation in food and other articles. While inflation in food and clothing is in single digits, medicare costs usually escalate in double digits. Denmark to be perceived as having the most well-developed public healthcare system in the world. Top 10 countries based on their quality of healthcare.

1.Denmark

Denmark is in Northern Europe and is part of Scandinavia. The official language is Danish. Denmark has an area of 43,094 km2 and a population of 5.8 million people. The Danish healthcare system is universal and based on the principles of free and equal access to healthcare for all citizens. The state government, regions and municipalities operate the healthcare system and each sector has its own role. The state government creates general healthcare plans and regulations and allocates funding. The healthcare system offers high-quality services, the majority of which are financed by general taxes. Health expenditure is high in Denmark, as the country spends 10.37% of its GDP on healthcare services.

The Danish universal healthcare system, given by the local government of five regions of the country, offers the citizens free medical care. Apart from that, this country issues national health insurance cards to all its permanent residents. So, Most of the citizens take free treatments and health examinations. Denmark also scored 99.28% in nutrition and basic medical care. The high-quality healthcare system increases life expectancy. Life expectancy in Denmark has increased from 77.9 years to 81.3 years. Danish women have a higher life expectancy (82.5 years) than Danish men (78.6 years). Healthcare in Denmark sets a good example for elderly care in other countries.

2.Sweden

Swedish healthcare is largely tax-funded and the overall quality is high. Healthcare system funded by the Government, is universal for all its citizens. Although, it is also has private hospitals, only few exist in the country and they operate under a mandated city council. Healthcare in this country in primarily financed through taxes. Swedish healthcare is decentralised responsibility lies with the regional councils and, in some cases, local councils or municipal governments. Sweden is divided into 290 municipalities and 21 regional councils. This decentralisation is regulated by the Health and Medical Service Act. The role of the central government is to establish principles and guidelines, and to set the political agenda for health and medical care.

Swedish policy states that every regional council must provide residents with good-quality health and medical care, and work to promote good health for the entire population. The Swedish health system performs well in general, life expectancy in the country is high and the general health among the population is good. This is confirmed by reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), among others. The average life span among Swedes is now 84.29 years for women and 80.6 years for men.

3.Canada

The publicly funded health care system provides health services that are mostly free to Canadian citizens and managed and administered on a provincial(13) and territorial level guided under the Canadian Health Act. The government aims to ensure the quality of service through federal standards, with very few exceptions, all citizens qualify for health care services regardless of medical history, income and standard of living. The Canadian Medicare takes into consideration the needs of children, disabled citizens and the elderly. Extraordinary advancements across the healthcare system as providers accelerated their adoption of virtual care.

Approximately 65 to 75 percent of Canadians have some form of supplementary health insurance related to the aforementioned reasons; many receive it through their employers or use secondary social service programs related to extended coverage for families receiving social assistance or vulnerable demographics, such as seniors, minors, and those with disabilities. The primary objective of the Canadian healthcare policy, as set out in the 1984 Canada Health Act (CHA), is to “protect, promote and restore the physical and mental well-being of residents of Canada and to facilitate reasonable access to health services without financial or other barriers.” Its Medicare system provides coverage for up to 70% healthcare needs for its citizens. The remaining 30% is through the country’s private sector. Four chronic diseases like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and diabetes account for 65% of deaths in Canada.

4.United Kingdom

In UK, the whole population is covered by the National Health System (NHS), which is financed through general taxation and run by the Department of Health. United Kingdom provides reliable and comfortable healthcare for its citizens and expatriates. All English residents are automatically entitled to free public health care through the National Health Service, including hospital, physician, and mental health care. Each NHS system uses General Practitioners (GPs) to provide primary healthcare and to make referrals to further services as necessary. Hospitals then provide more specialist services, including care for patients with psychiatric illnesses, as well as direct access to emergency departments. Approximately 10.5 percent of the United Kingdom’s population carries voluntary supplemental insurance to gain more rapid access to elective care. Throughout the UK, there is a coexistence of public hospitals, private non-profit hospitals and private for-profit hospitals.

While hospitals are mainly publicly owned and independently operated, they are organized as hospital trusts with three hierarchical levels: community hospitals, district hospitals, and regional or inter-regional hospitals, as well as a number of specialized hospitals offering advanced treatment. Each country including England, Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland have its own healthcare system and it’s publicly funded by their individual government. Responsibility for the purchasing of health care services across the UK rests at the constituent country level: Primary Care Trusts in England, Health Boards in Scotland, local health groups in Wales and Primary Care Partnerships in Northern Ireland. Despite this coverage, there is an increasing trend towards private care and coverage, with 12% of the population contracting additional private health insurance.

5.Germany

Germany uses universal multi-player healthcare system. That includes both private insurance for people who earn more and statutory health insurance for people who earn below a certain amount of money. The Healthcare system in the country is expensive and also standard. In this country, both Employer and employee pay for most of the healthcare system through premiums. All workers also pay 7.5% of their salaries into the public health insurance pool, which helps country to develop and provide quality treatment. The German public healthcare system is highly decentralized, with 16 municipalities sharing responsibility with the government for hospital planning, building and the upkeep of technical facilities.

In the German system, doctors strictly control access to hospital care and generally work either in hospitals or in private practices. The German health care system is divided into three main areas: outpatient care, inpatient care (the hospital sector), and rehabilitation facilities. The German healthcare system is one of the oldest healthcare systems in the world, dating back to 1880s. The system is organized into two major divisions: Public and Private Health Insurance.

6.Netherlands

Netherlands is one of the countries with best healthcare system in the world, however it’s not cost effective. The Netherlands’ universal social health insurance approach merges public and private insurance. All residents are required to purchase statutory health insurance from private insurers, which are required to accept all applicants. Adults choose a policy on an individual basis, and children under 18 are then automatically covered. Financing is primarily public, through premiums, tax revenues, and government grants. The national government is responsible for setting health care priorities and monitoring access, quality, and costs.

Standard benefits include hospital, physician, home nursing, and mental health care, as well as prescription drugs. Around 63 percent of the population was covered by public health insurance, while the more affluent could opt for private insurance or choose to remain uninsured. It’s Healthcare covers two different forms of insurance, including Zorgverzekeringswet(Zvw) and Algemene Wet Bijzondere Ziektekosten(AWBZ). Zorgverzekeringswet, reffered to as Basic insurance, helps to cover common medical care. On the other hand, AWBZ insurance covers long term nursing and care.

7.Australia

Australia’s health system is one of the best in the world, providing safe and affordable health care for all Australians. It is jointly run by all levels of Australian government – federal, state and territory, and local. Australia has highly developed Healthcare system for both its public and private hospitals. This country utilizes Medicare as its universal health insurance scheme, giving its residents the opportunity to take free treatments in public hospitals. Primary health networks support community health centers, hospitals, GPs, nurses, specialists and other health professionals to help improve patient care.

The Australian, state and territory, and local governments share responsibility for running health system. Private health insurance gives you choice outside the public system. For private health care both in and out of hospital, you contribute towards the cost of your health care. Medicare is available to Australian and New Zealand citizens, permanent residents in Australia, and people from countries with reciprocal agreements. Funding for health and medical research through the Medical Research Future Fund and the National Health and Medical Research Council.

8.France

It’s standard Healthcare system that extends to both its state and private-owned hospitals. The French health care system is generally recognized as offering one of the best services of public health care in the world. It is a system that works, provides universal cover, and is a system that is strongly defended by virtually everyone in France. The health care system in France is made up of a fully-integrated network of public hospitals, private hospitals, doctors and other medical service providers. It is a universal service providing health care for every citizen, irrespective of wealth, age or social status.

The French health care system is funded in part by obligatory health contributions levied on all salaries, and paid by employers, employees and the self employed; in part by central government funding; and in part by users who normally have to pay a small fraction of the cost of most acts of health care that they receive. Primary health care is provided by a network of 23,000 general practitioners. Most GPs are self-employed professionals, and work either on their own, or in group practices. Most general physicians are in private practice but draw their income from the public insurance funds. These funds, unlike their German counterparts, have never gained self-management responsibility. Instead, the government has taken responsibility for the financial and operational management of health insurance. The French government generally refunds patients 70% of most health care costs, and 100% in case of costly or long-term ailments.

9.Austria

Austria is a democratic republic situated in central Europe, which covers a territory about 84,000 square kilometers. Austria has one of the most generous systems of social security and health services for all people within Europe. The principal objective is to make a contribution to the Austrian healthcare system, so that high quality is warranted to all Austrian citizens. Austria has a high standard of compulsory state funded healthcare. It is mandatory for the citizens of Austria and expatriates to pay into the government’s healthcare insurance scheme. The country uses the tax to deliver the best medical care. The costs for healthcare in Austria are rising and cost pressure in the Austrian healthcare system is increasing. The Austrian healthcare system is characterized by a high density of easily accessible healthcare facilities.

Choosing to move to Austria is a very good decision if it’s for having a stable and high-class developed health care system. Austria has an extensive network of healthcare institutions. With excellent public medical services, you will get a decent treatment. Austria has a very comprehensive and well-regarded public healthcare system, called statutory health insurance (SHI). Public healthcare is applicable to all Austrians, EU passport holders, and those from EEA countries, as long as they hold the European Health Insurance Card. Private healthcare is also available in the country. There are three areas of social insurance in Austria: Health, accident and pension. In Austria, there are about 28 social insurance institutions under public law.

10.New Zealand

New Zealand Healthcare system uses a single care approach as it depends solely on the state to deliver quality medical care. It is funded with the help of taxes and provides effective treatment to the citizens at a free or subsidized rate. New Zealand has achieved universal health coverage through a mostly publicly funded, regionally administered delivery system. Services covered include inpatient, outpatient, mental health, and long-term care, as well as prescription drugs. The national government sets an annual budget and benefit package. People in New Zealand enjoy the benefits of a comprehensive and heavily government subsidized health system.

We also have the option of taking medical insurance for private healthcare, although many New Zealanders choose not to. Approximately one-third of the population has private insurance to help pay for non covered services and copayments. If you are not a resident, you can still use our healthcare services but at a cost. New Zealand has one of the highest nurse turnover rates. Among the European colonists, professional medical care was expensive and most people diagnosed themselves or sought alternative treatment.

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THE 10 GREAT SMALLEST BIRD SPECIES IN THE WORLD (ranked by the Height of the Bird)

by Sree DivyaJune 13, 2021June 13, 2021UncategorizedLeave a Comment

Bird is a warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrate animal distinguished by the possession of feathers, wings, a beak, and typically by being able to fly. Most Birds can fly, using powerful muscles to flap their wings. But few bird species do not have strong enough wings to fly , so these birds are flightless. Birds are a group of feathered theropod dinosaurs and constitute the only living dinosaurs. There are about ten thousand living species, more than half of which are passerine, or “perching” birds. Birds have wings whose development varies according to species. Many social species pass on knowledge across generations, which is considered a form of culture. Birds are social, communicating with visual signals, calls, and songs, and participating in such behaviours as cooperative breeding and hunting, flocking, and mobbing of predators. Songbirds, parrots, and other species are popular as pets. Recreational bird watching is an important part of the ecotourism industry. Many species of birds are economically important as food for human consumption and raw material in manufacturing, with domesticated and undomesticated birds being important sources of eggs, meat, and feathers. Here are the 10 Smallest Bird Species the world ranked by Height of the Bird.

1.Bee Humming Bird(Mellisuga helenae)

The Bee Humming Bird is the smallest living bird and also the world’s lightest bird at under 2 grams. It has the smallest nest in the world. The Bee Humming Bird, zunzuncito or Helena Humming Bird is a species of Humming Bird. They are also known as “the flying jewels” because they are able to change the color of their feathers when they fly, this is the unique character. It is native to Cuba. The Average length of Bee Hummingbird is 5 – 6 centimeters and weight is 1.7 grams. The male has a green pileum and bright red throat, iridescent gorget with elongated lateral plumes, bluish upper parts, and the rest of the under parts mostly grayish white. Female bee hummingbirds are bluish green with a pale gray underside. The tips of their tail feathers have white spots. Hummingbirds are named after the humming sound which is produced by their wings during flight. Hummingbirds are very intelligent animals. They have larger brain size than other birds. Their brain weights 4.2% of the hummingbird total body weight. They do not have the sense of smell.

Hummingbirds can see and hear better than humans. They can even detect ultraviolet light. They can move their wings 70 times in a single second, so it requires a lot of energy. Hummingbirds use carbohydrates (sugars) as the main source of energy for flight. Nectar from flowers is the best source of sugar. It also eats insects, which provide them with enough proteins. Female usually lays 2 eggs, which are very small about just ½ inches long. Eggs represent 10 percent of the mother’s weight. Baby cannot fly and it spends first three weeks of life in the nest. Most hummingbirds die in the first year of their life. Those that survive, have an average lifespan of 5 years in the wild and more than 10 years in captivity.

2.Costa’s Humming Bird(Calypte Costae)

The Costa’s Hummingbirds (Calypte costae) are small North American desert birds that occur in the western United States and Mexico, but are known to wander eastward and as far north as Alaska and Canada. Average length of Costa’s Humming Bird is only 8 centimeters long and average weight is 3 grams. It’s native to the southwestern USA. The desert might seem like a bad place for a creature that feeds at flowers, but it is the favored habitat for Costa’s Hummingbird. The Costa’s hummingbird can usually be found in the arid deserts and gardens of its range. The male Costa’s hummingbird has a green and black back and flanks and a small black tail with patches of white below its tail. The male Costa’s hummingbird sports a vibrant purple cap and has throat feathers that flare out behind its head. The female Costa’s hummingbird, not as distinct as the male, is gray-green above and white on its underparts.

Jules Bourcier, a French naturalist and hummingbird expert named the Costa’s Hummingbird after his friend Louis Marie Pantaleon Costa de Beauregar. Costa was a Sardinian patriot, statesman, military commander, historian, and amateur archaeologist who was also fond of collecting hummingbirds. Compact and short-tailed with a slightly drooping bill. Researchers calculated that a Costa’s Hummingbird needs to visit 1,840 flowers to meet its energy requirements for one day. Even though they are traditionally migratory birds, an increasing number of them choose to remain throughout the year in areas with temperate climates, where food supplies are ample. It feeds on nectar and insects. They are typically found near plants such as the Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia) and cholla cactus (Opuntia acanthocarpa). They use their long, extendible, straw-like tongues to retrieve the nectar while hovering with their tails cocked upward as they are licking at the nectar up to 13 times per second. Sometimes they may be seen hanging on the flower while feeding.

3.WeeBill(Smicrornis Brevirostris)

Average length of WeeBill is just 8 centimeters and weight is 6 grams. Wingspan is approximately 15 cm (5.9 in). The Weebill was described by John Gould in 1838 as Psilopus brevirostris. The Weebill’s common name comes from the short, stubby, pale beak. The eye is pale cream, and there is a pale line above the eye. The Weebill is native to Australia’s jungles, forests and it is Australia’s smallest bird. Inhabits dry, open woodlands, especially Eucalypt forests. Eucalyptus-rich areas, they have a diet that’s based on larvae and small insects. It is very vocal as it forages in trees, where it feeds primarily on insects, sometimes in mixed flocks with thorn bills and pardalotes.

The Weebill (Smicrornis brevirostris) is a species of bird in the family Acanthizidae, it is an insectivorous passerine. The Weebill’s plumage is nondescript, with olive-grey upperparts and paler, more yellowish under parts. It grades from more brownish plumage in the Southern regions of Australia to more yellow in tropical areas. Other names of it include tree-tit, short billed tree-tit, scrub-tit, or short-billed scrub-tit. The voice of the Weebill is a loud, clear, musical “pee-pee p’wee”, “wee bit” or “wee willy weetee”, often heard from a considerable distance. They display a preference for foraging in the canopy foliage of healthy Eucalyptus trees, where they are more likely to retrieve insects. The Weebill is widespread in all climates.

4.Goldcrest(Regulus Regulus)

Goldcrest is the smallest bird in Europe. Average length of Goldcrest(Regulus Regulus) is 9 centimeters, weight is 5.7 grams and wingspan is 14 cm. Goldcrest includes many countries in the Middle East, East and Central Asia, India and many parts of Europe. It is a very small passerine bird in the kinglet family. Birds on the Canary Islands are now separated into two subspecies of the goldcrest, but were formerly considered to be a subspecies of the firecrest or a separate species, Regulus teneriffae. It is small bird with finely shaped bill and a short tail. Crown stripe yellow in female, orange in male. Since bird is often viewed from below, the crown stripe is often not visible. The dark eye with the large, pale grey eye-ring is a better character. Their thin beak is ideally suited for picking insects out from between pine needles.

It’s colourful golden crest feathers, as well as being called the “king of the birds” in European folklore, gives rise to its English and scientific names. The scientific name, R. regulus, means king or knight. The Goldcrest breeds in coniferous woodland and gardens. It builds three-layered nest on a tree branch. It is the fact that Goldcrests can incubate as many as 12 eggs at one time in their nest. Eggs are incubated by the female alone, and the chicks are fed by both parents. Contact call a very high pitched “zit zit zit”, only similar to Firecrest and treecreepers. Goldcrests eat tiny morsels like spiders, moth eggs and other small insect food. Birds from the North and East of its breeding range migrate to winter further South.

5.Simple FireCrest(Regulus Ignicapilla)

Averagelength of Simple FireCrest(Regulus Ignicapilla) is 9.3 centimeters and weight is 5.5 grams. FireCrest is a very small passerine bird in the kinglet family. The Firecrest is as small as the Goldcrest and is clearly very closely related to it, but the two species can coexist because of their subtly different ecological requirements. It is possible that this species was the original “king of the birds” in European folklore. It breeds in most of temperate Europe and northwestern Africa, and is partially migratory, with birds from central Europe wintering to the south and west of their breeding range. This kinglet is constantly on the move and frequently hovers as it searches for insects to eat, and in winter it is often found with flocks of tits.

Firecrests in the Balearic Islands and north Africa are widely recognized as a separate subspecies, but the population on Madeira, previously also treated as a subspecies, is now treated as a distinct species, the Madeira firecrest, Regulus madeirensis. The common Firecrest breeds in broadleaved or coniferous woodland and gardens. Seven to twelve eggs are incubated by the female alone. Both parents feed the chicks, which fledge 22–24 days after hatching. It may be hunted and killed by birds of prey, and can carry parasites. Simple firecrests tend to be seen more frequently during autumn and winter.

6.Pardalote(Pardalotidae)

Average length of Pardalote(Pardalotidae) is 9.5 centimeters and weight is 6 grams. The Pardalote is a particularly attractive Australian bird and native to Australia. Pardalotes are a family, Pardalotidae, of very small and brightly coloured birds. This family is composed of four species in one genus, Pardalotus, and several subspecies. Within the family two species, the forty-spotted pardalote and the red-browed pardalote, are fairly invariant species, but the remaining two species are highly variable. Spotted Pardalote also called as HeadacheBird. All four species nest in deep horizontal tunnels drilled into banks of earth. Externally about the size of a mouse-hole, they can be very deep, at a metre or more.

Some species also nest in tree hollows. Eventhough they weigh just 6 g. Their small size lets them get into small holes of eucalyptus trees to hunt for lerps and other native larvae. The name derives from a Greek word meaning “spotted”. They are seasonal breeders in temperate areas of Australia, but may breed year round in warmer areas. Pardalotes spend most of their time high in the outer foliage of trees, feeding on insects, spiders, and above all lerps. Their role in controlling lerp infestations in the Eucalyptus forests of Australia may be significant. Pardalote has short tail, strong legs, and stubby blunt beak. They are monogamous breeders, and both partners share nest construction, incubation and chick-rearing duties. Voice is a very clear and repetitive double “ding”.

7.Brown Gerygone(Gerygonemouki)

Average length of Brown Gerygone(Gerygonemouki) is 10 centimeters and weight is 6 grams. It is a Small plain bird with thin bill. It’s Upperparts brown, under parts whitish, with gray face, red eye, and distinctive patch of white in under tail. Juveniles lack red eye and have yellow gape (base of bill). Inhabits rainforest, wet forest, and surrounding habitats of Eastern Australia. The Brown Gerygone is similar to both the Large-billed, G. magnirostris, and Mangrove,G. levigaster, Gerygones. The Brown Gerygone is one a group of species of small birds which were formerly known as warblers, due to their loud, melodious song. However, as they are not related to the ‘true warblers’ that occur in Europe, Africa, the Americas and Asia, their name was changed. Their new name, ‘gerygone’, which is pronounced ‘jer-ig-on-nee’, comes from Greek, meaning ‘the children of song’. It is also known as the Brown Warbler.

The tail feathers are dark and may be white-tipped. It feeds on insects. The brown Gerygone call is a soft what-is-it. In Victoria there has been a westward expansion of this species, with confirmed sightings in the Dandenong Ranges, East of Melbourne. It has been seen in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney. The Brown Gerygone builds a rounded dome nest with a tapering ‘tail’ from roots, plant fibres, spider web, moss and lichens, which is suspended from a low branch or vine. Both parents feed their young ones.

8.Verdin(Ariparusflaviceps)

Average length of Verdin(Ariparusflaviceps) is 10 centimeters and weight is 7 grams. The Verdin (Auriparus flaviceps) is a species of penduline tit. Verdins are insectivorous, continuously foraging among the desert trees and scrubs. These restless birds comb the foliage of trees for insects and spiders, sometimes hanging upside down to investigate hard-to-reach places. They supplement their insect diet with fruits and even nectar, which they may sip from hummingbird feeders. Verdin rivals the American bushtit as one of the smallest passerines in North America. It is gray overall, and adults have a bright yellow head and rufous shoulder patch (the lesser coverts). Unlike the tits, it has a sharply pointed bill.

Juveniles have a light gray body without the rufous shoulder patch and yellow head. The base of the short bill is thick by the head, and draws to a sharp point at the tip. Their nests are best described as spherical masses of bulky twigs and branches that are then lined with grasses, feathers, and hair. Verdins nest in shrubs and thorny thickets with few trees. Both males and females build nests for roosting and nesting, and both incubate the eggs and tend to young. Clutch sizes vary from 3-6 eggs, which are light green with irregular dark red-brown spots, concentrated at the bottom end of the egg.

9.GoldenHeaded Cisticola(Cisticola Exiles)

Average length of GoldenHeaded Cisticola(Cisticola Exiles) is 10 centimeters and weight 8 grams. It is tiny, sandy-colored bird with short tail and dark-streaked back. Breeding adult males have orange-gold crown. Inhabits grasslands of northern and eastern Australia, where perches prominently. Very similar Zitting Cisticola always has a streaked crown and a very different “tick-tick-tick” song but otherwise almost identical. The Golden-headed cisticola (Cisticola exilis), also known as the bright-capped cisticola. It is a species of warbler in the family Cisticolidae. It is also known as the “finest tailor of all birds”. It constructs nests out of plants and spider threads.

This species has been known by several English names in addition to the golden-headed cisticola, including bright-capped cisticola, bright-headed cisticola, bright-crowned cisticola, gold-capped cisticola, yellow-headed cisticola, exile warbler and fan-tail warbler. Males slightly heavier than females. The Golden-headed cisticola is omnivorous, primarily eating invertebrates such as insects and small slugs, but also eating grass seeds. It usually inhabits a single place throughout its life, but habitat changes sometimes cause it to move to a different location. It produces a variety of sounds distinct from other birds, which, according to the Sunshine Coast Council, range from a “teewip” to a “wheezz, whit-whit”. It mates in the rainy season. Three to four eggs are laid at a time, which are incubated by the female, taking 11 days. After hatching, the female feeds the chicks and the male defends the nest, chasing away animals that come near it. Young remain in the nest for 11–13 days.

10.Lesser GoldFinch(Spinus Psaltria)

Average length of Lesser GoldFinch(Spinus Psaltria) is 10 centimeters and weight is 10 grams. The Lesser Goldfinch is known by its scientific name Spinus psaltria, is a small perching bird that’s common to the Southwestern United States. It is native to North America, the Bahamas, and the Turks and Caicos Islands. Though similar in looks to the common sparrow, these birds, unlike the sparrow, hail from the finch family. Lesser Goldfinches are beautiful songbirds whose scientific name is derived from the ancient Greek word for female harpists, psalteria. Lesser Goldfinch birds were first formally described by the American zoologist, Thomas Say. While American Goldfinches lose all the yellow color from their plumage in winter, the Lesser Goldfinch retains a yellow tone. Though, both Lesser Goldfinches and American Goldfinches have a grayish-toned bill in winter plumage.

It feeds in small groups moving through low weeds, shrubs and trees to take mainly small seeds, as well as buds, flowers, or fruits, often visits feeders. It’s a very common bird that’s found in multiple habitats at different elevations and has been observed to be a predominantly monogamous bird. It is particularly sexually dimorphic, with significant coloration differences between males and females. Nests generally were placed toward tips of long branches in the middle of ponderosa pines. Most nests were well concealed in needle clusters in trees near forest edges and openings. This petite species is not only the smallest North American SpinusFinch, it may be the smallest true Finch in the world. Males are easily recognized by their bright yellow under parts and big white patches in the tail (outer rectrices) and on the wings. Female is similar to American Goldfinch. Like other goldfinches, it has an undulating flight in which it frequently gives a call: in this case, a harsh chig chig chig.

Tagged : 10 / Bee Humming Bird(Mellisuga helenae) / bird / Brown Gerygone(Gerygonemouki) / by / Costa’s Humming Bird(Calypte Costae) / Goldcrest(Regulus Regulus) / GoldenHeaded Cisticola(Cisticola Exiles) / great / in / length / lengths / Lesser GoldFinch(Spinus Psaltria) / of / Pardalote(Pardalotidae) / rank / ranks / Simple FireCrest(Regulus Ignicapilla) / small / smallest / species / ten / the / to / type / types / Verdin(Ariparusflaviceps) / WeeBill(Smicrornis Brevirostris) / world

THE 10 GREAT LARGEST BIRD SPECIES IN THE WORLD BY BODY WEIGHT OF SPECIES

by Sree DivyaJune 4, 2021June 4, 2021UncategorizedLeave a Comment

Bird is a warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrate animal distinguished by the possession of feathers, wings, a beak, and typically by being able to fly. Birds are from one of six basic animal groups, with the others being amphibians, fish, invertebrates, mammals, and reptiles. Most Birds can fly, using powerful muscles to flap their wings, but few bird species do not have strong enough wings to fly, so these birds are flightless. The fossil record indicates that birds are the last surviving group of dinosaurs. Birds have wings whose development varies according to species. Birds are social, communicating with visual signals, calls, and songs, and participating in such behaviours as cooperative breeding and hunting, flocking, and mobbing of predators. Birds range in size and weight from the 5 cm (2 in) and 1.6-2 grams bee hummingbird to the 2.75 m (9 ft) and 104-156 kg ostrich. They are endothermic vertebrates, characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a lightweight but strong skeleton. Most of the largest birds in the world are flightless which allows them to have denser bones and heavier bodies. Many species of birds are economically important as food for human consumption and raw material in manufacturing, with domesticated and undomesticated birds being important sources of eggs, meat, and feathers. Recreational bird watching is an important part of the ecotourism industry. Here are the top 10 largest bird species in the world (by body weight).

1.Ostrich

Ostrich is so unique and different to any other animal including members of their own family that is Ratitae Family. The flightless ostrich is the world’s largest bird. Ostriches have an average mass of 104 kg and average length of 210 cm. Male Ostrich has black feathers and the female has grey feathers. It is also thought that Ostrich has the largest eyes of any land vertebrate at 50 mm in diameter. The size of their eyes helps them to easily see predators like lions from a long distance. They have brilliant eye-sight which means they can see an object as far away as 3,5km during the day time. Ostrich is the fast runner of any bird or other two-legged animal and can sprint at over 70 km/hr, covering up to 5m in a single stride. All of the herd’s hens place their eggs in the dominant hen’s 3m-wide nest, though her own are given the prominent centre place; each female can determine her own eggs amongst others. The giant eggs are the largest of any living bird at 15cm long and weighing as much as two dozen chicken eggs, though they are actually the smallest eggs relative to the size of the adult bird.

Eggs hatch after 35–45 days incubation, and the male usually defends the chicks and teaches them to feed, although mums and dads cooperate in rearing the young. When threatened ostriches run although their powerful, long legs can be formidable weapons, capable of killing a human or a potential predator like a lion with a forward kick. Ostriches have inspired cultures and civilizations for 5,000 years in Mesopotamia and Egypt. Ostrich has three stomachs. Ostriches are native to Africa but are farmed all over the world, particularly for their feathers, skin which is used in leather products, and meat. Lacking teeth, ostriches swallow pebbles to grind their food. An adult ostrich carries about 1kg of stones at any one time. One Ostrich Egg can take up to 1, 5 hours to boil. Ostriches can go without drinking for several days, using metabolic water and moisture in ingested roots, seeds and insects, but they enjoy liquid water and frequently take baths where it is available. The ostrich brain weighs about 40 grams. Natural life span is 50 – 60 years. Territorial fights between males for a harem of two to seven females usually last just minutes, but they can easily cause death through slamming their heads into opponents.

2.Cassowary

Cassowary is the largest native vertebrate in Australian rainforests. It is the second heaviest bird in the world to the ostrich. It is the third tallest bird in the world. Cassowary looks like an odd combination of ostriches and turkeys. It has large body covered in black feathers, bluish skin of the head and reddish neck. Upper parts of the legs are blue while lower parts are grey in color. Cassowary has a helmet like crest on the head. It is usually 6 inches long and reaches 6.7 inches in height. Cassowary reaches between 55 and 129 pounds in weight. Females are larger than males. The cassowary egg is the third largest of all birds at about 584g. Cassowary is an omnivore (eats both plants and animals). It usually eats different types of fruit, seeds, shoots, fungi, small invertebrates and insects. There is no chewing in the eating process. Cassowary has excellent eyesight and sense of hearing. They can easily detect low-pitched sounds. Males build nests where females lay between 3 and 8 eggs. Eggs are greenish-blue in color. Female can use several different nests to deposit her eggs. Females are not responsible for the survival of eggs or young birds. Males are in charge for the incubation of the eggs that lasts 50 days. Young cassowaries are brown and covered in stripes. Also, males take care of the chicks until they reach the age of one year. Cassowaries are also excellent swimmers that can swim long distances.

Cassowary is look like a ‘giant prehistoric turkey’, but they are in fact descendants of dinosaurs. Cassowary is referred as the ‘most dangerous bird on Earth’. They will not attack for no reason. Like the emu and the ostrich, the cassowary is another flightless bird. Although they cannot fly, they can surely put up a fight, jumping as high as two metres from the ground, and they can run at a speed of up to 50 kilometres per hour. They use their casque and claw in self-defence. They attack up to 200 people every year. Of these 200, 70% of attacks occur due to people trying to get up close to the cassowary, wanting to feed them, causing the cassowary to feel threatened. The southern cassowary, also known as the double – wattled cassowary, Australian cassowary or two-wattled cassowary have an average weight of 45 kg and are around 155 cm long. Southern cassowaries are found in north-eastern Australia, Indonesia and New Guinea. Northern cassowaries also known as the single – wattled cassowary or golden-necked cassowary, are slightly smaller with an average weight of 44 kg and average length of 149 cm. They are endemic to northern New Guinea. As the Cassowary roams the rainforest they disperse the seeds into a new area of the rainforest in their own special fertilizer formula. Cassowary can survive 12-19 years in the wild and between 40 and 50 in captivity.

3.Emu

The emu belongs to a group of flightless running birds known as ratites, the most primitive of the modern bird families. Emus are endemic to Australia, where they are the largest native bird. It lives throughout most of the continent, ranging from coastal regions to high in the Snowy Mountains. It is the second tallest living birds in the world that can reach up to 190 cm tall. Emus are omnivores. They eat seeds, fruit, bark, nuts and stems. They also eat insects, small reptiles, amphibians and other small animals that they can handle. They require a large amount of water, drinking 9-18 litres daily. Emus are soft-feathered birds with long necks and legs. They weigh an average of 33 kg. Female emus are usually slightly larger than the males and have significantly wider rumps. Emus Have Big Bodies and Tiny Wings. They Are the Only Birds with Calf Muscles. They’re Fast Runners, High Jumpers, and Strong Swimmers. On top of the sheer size of their legs, a few special features help boost their strength.

Emus also have an impressive vertical leap, which can quickly carry the large birds up to 6.8 feet off the ground all without the help of wings. They only have 3 toes and a reduced number of bones. The female lays a clutch of eggs in the male’s nest over several days. Males Incubate the Eggs for 56 days and raise the Chicks. They store lots of fat when food is plentiful, providing fuel for leaner times, and also seem to have a sixth sense for finding water, sometimes trekking hundreds of miles to get it. Emu migrations are based on rainfall, according to the SCBI, which notes they mainly rely on the sight of rain-bearing clouds, but may also use other clues like the sound of thunder or the scent of wet ground. Emus are not very social. They have vestigial wings, which they flap when they run to stabilize themselves. They Can Be Helpful to Farmers. The lifespan is 10 to 20 years in the wild and up to 35 years in captivity.

Penguin

Penguins are amazing birds. Most penguins live in the Southern Hemisphere. Large penguin populations can be found in countries such as New Zealand, Australia, Chile, Argentina and South Africa. Emperor penguins are endemic to Antarctica and are the tallest and heaviest of all living penguins weighing an average of 31.5 kg and measuring 114 cm in height. King Penguins are the second largest penguin species. King penguins weigh 13.6 kg on average and are 92 cm in length. Little Blue Penguins are the smallest type of penguin, averaging around 33 cm (13 in) in height. The fastest species is the Gentoo Penguin, which can reach swimming speeds up to 22 mph. There are 17–20 species of penguins alive today. Penguins live in many locations and habitats. Penguin feet are adapted to walk long distances. According to some animal experts, the penguin is one of the most streamlined animals in the world. Penguins spend around half their time in water and the other half on land. Most birds have hollow, air-filled bones to help them stay light for flight. Penguins adapted with solid bones instead. Penguins have adapted flippers to help them swim in the water. Penguins eat a range of fish and other sea life that they catch underwater.

Penguins ingest a lot of seawater while hunting for fish, but a special gland behind their eyes, the supraorbital gland filters out the saltwater from their blood stream. Like other birds, penguins don’t have teeth. Instead, they have backward-facing fleshy spines that line the inside of their mouths. These help them guide their fishy meals down their throat. Penguins have excellent hearing skills. Many male penguins gift female penguins with rocks in order to woo them. Penguin parents both male and female care for their young for several months until the chicks are strong enough to hunt for food on their own. Penguins are very social animals. Like all penguins, Emperor penguins are flightless but they have adapted to the harsh conditions of their environment which is the coldest for any breeding bird. Feathers provide up to 90% of their insulation and they are able to thermo regulate their core body temperature without altering their metabolisms. A group of penguins in the water is called a raft but on land they’re called a waddle.

5.Rhea

Greater rheas are flightless birds native to South America. Rhea can be found in open grasslands, pampas and woodlands of Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia, Paraguay, Chile, Peru and Brazil. There are two species of rheas: Greater or American Rhea and Darwin’s Rhea. The greater rhea is the largest of all South American birds and is related to ostriches and emus. Greater rheas have an average mass of 23 kg and an average length of 134 cm. A small population of greater rheas has established itself in Germany. Lesser rheas, also known as Darwin’s rhea, are found in South America. It weighs on average 13.5 kg and has an average length of 96 cm. Body of rhea is covered with grey-brown plumage with dark patches on the neck and back. Abdomen and thighs are covered with white feathers. Rhea has strong legs with three toes that are designed for running. Although it is unable to fly, rhea can run very fast and reach the speed of up to 40 miles per hour. Wings provide stability during running.

Rhea is an Omnivore, it consumes both meat and plants. Different kind of seeds, fruits, roots, plants, lizards, insects, reptiles and rodents are normal part of rhea’s diet. Rheas also like to consume agricultural crops. These flightless birds use their long, powerful legs to outrun trouble. Females lay their eggs one every other day for a week or ten days in a ground nest of the male’s design. The male rhea incubates the eggs of all its mates for six weeks and cares for the newly hatched young. They aggressively guard their young during this period. Unlike other animals, males are fully responsible for building of the nest and care of the eggs and chicks after hatching. Rheas live in big flocks except during the breeding season. Sometimes they live with deer and other animals. Farmers often considered them as pests. Rhea eggs are collected for food and many people eat their meat. Their skins are used in the manufacture of leather. Maximum lifespan of the rhea in the wild is 15 years.

6.Turkey

The wild turkey is the largest species of bird that is able to fly. They weigh on average 13.5 kg and have an average length of 124 cm. Turkeys are quiet agile fliers staying close to the ground and flying for no more than 400 m at a time. Domestic turkeys are unable to fly as they are too fat. Individual turkeys have unique voices, this is how turkeys recognize each other. Turkeys are intelligent and sensitive animals that are highly social. They create lasting social bonds with each other and are very affectionate; rather similar to dogs. Turkeys have the ability to learn the precise details of an area over 1,000 acres in size. Like peacocks, male turkeys puff up their bodies and spread their elaborate feathers to attract a mate. The male is substantially larger than the female, and his feathers have areas of red, purple, green, copper, bronze, and gold iridescence. Female feathers are duller overall, in shades of brown and grey. The long fleshy object over a male’s beak is called a snood. Turkeys have 5000 to 6000 feathers. A turkey’s gender can be determined from its droppings, males produce spiral-shaped poop and females’ poop is shaped like the letter J. It can run at speeds of up to 25 miles per hour and fly as fast as 55 miles per hour.

There are six subspecies of wild turkey, all native to North America. Male turkeys are called “gobblers,” after the “gobble” call they make to announce themselves to females (which are called “hens”) and compete with other males. Wild turkeys are the same species as the domesticated turkey. They are native to North America but got their name from the domestic turkey which was misidentified as an unrelated species imported into Europe by Turkish merchants. The turkey is believed to have been sacred in ancient Mexican cultures. The Mayans, Aztecs and Toltecs referred to the turkey as the ‘Great Xolotl’, viewing them as ‘jewelled birds’. They can change the colors. Wild turkeys sleep in trees. A Female Turkey lays about 10 to 12 eggs, one egg per day, over a period of about two weeks. The eggs will incubate for about 28 days before hatching. Baby turkeys, called poults, eat berries, seeds and insects, while adults have a more varied diet that can include acorns and even small reptiles. There is one other species of turkey, the ocellated turkey, which can be found on the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico. The meat from domesticated turkeys is widely eaten by people across the world.

7.Swan

This majestic and beautiful animal is well-known for being graceful and quite peaceful to look at. Swans are birds of the family Anatidae within the genus Cygnus. Often seen gliding across lakes, the swan has long represented elegance and refinement. A swan will mate for life. There are six to seven species of swan called the Black-necked Swan, Black Swan, Mute Swan, Trumpeter Swan, Tundra swan which includes the Bewick’s Swan and Whistling Swan, and the Whooper Swan. Mute swans (Cygnus olor) are the heaviest of all waterfowl weighing an average of 11.87 kg. They average 100-130 cm in length. Trumpeter swans weigh slightly less at 11.6 kg but are longer at 138-165 cm. Swans live in the flooded grassland, lakes and ponds, rivers and streams and wetlands habitats. The swans are generally found in temperate environments, rarely occurring in the tropics. Black swans are native to Australia. The black swans of Australia and New Zealand, which have been introduced to North America and Europe. Swans can fly as fast as 60 miles per hour. They are found in Australia, New Zealand, and South America. The swans are close relatives with geese and ducks. Swans are herbivores. Swans feed primarily on aquatic vegetation, with their long necks allowing them to feed on plants growing on river beds. They also eat small fish, frogs and worms. A Polish mute swan cob (Cygnus immutabilis), a morph of the mute swan, and a pure white version with pink legs instead of the usual black colour, has been verified as the largest bird to take flight weighing in at 23 kg. Swans have elongated, curved necks.

Swans have streamlined bodies, and their feet are webbed. Swans have beaks with saw like edges that appear like they have teeth. They have very strong wings with a wingspan of 3 meters or 10 feet. The swan has about 25,000 feathers in its body. Their calls consist of a loud, deep, sonorous, trumpet-like honking sounds, as well as peeps, hisses and gurgles. Swans build their nests on land out of twigs and leaves, and the female swan lays between 3 and 9 eggs. Swan eggs take between 35 and 42 days to hatch. The baby swans hatch out of their eggs after an incubation of just over a month. Swans couple will guard their baby swans furiously from predators. The swan’s main predator is the human, who hunts the swan for it’s meat and it’s feathers. A baby swan is called a cygnet. A male swan is called a cob, and a female swan is called a pen. A group of swans is called a bevy or a wedge in flight. The swan song is a metaphorical phrase for a final gesture, effort, or performance given just before death or retirement. The phrase refers to an ancient belief that swans sing a beautiful song in the moment just before death, having been silent during most of their lifetime. Several species are migratory. Some migratory swans travel to Iceland, Greenland, Scandinavia, Russia, Central Asia, China, and Japan. Swans live for approximately 20 to 30 years. It can live for up to 40 years in the wild.

8.Bustard

Great bustards (Otis tarda) weigh on average 10.6 kg and are 115 cm in length. Bustard gives an ostrich like appearance. These large creatures are rather shy, behavior varies from bird to bird. They breed in open grassland in Southern and Central Europe and Asia with 60% of the population resident in Spain and Portugal. The Arabian bustard, which lives across Southwestern Arabia and the Sahel region of Africa. They weigh between 4.5 and 11 kg and are therefore quite large, yet smaller than the kori. Kori bustard is large terrestrial bird that belongs to the family of bustards. The Kori bustard (Ardeotis kori) is Africa’s largest flying bird and a contender for the heaviest flying living bird weighing an average of 11.4 kg and measuring 150 cm in length. Kori Male Bustards are two times bigger than female Kori Bustards. The kori makes barking sounds to intimidate their potential attackers. The Kori bustard has a very impressive wingspan. The male bird has a wingspan of 230 to 275 cm. The female, considerably smaller, spans 80 cm across its wings on average. Kori bustards are omnivores. Their diet is mostly based on insects, snakes, lizards and small mammals. They occasionally consume berries and seeds. Kori bustards are covered with white, black, grey and brown feathers.

Kori bustards have black crest on the top of a head. Kori bustards have long necks and short bills. Their legs and feet are elongated and end with three fingers. Kori bustards are able to fly, but they spend most of the time on the ground. Kori bustards often walk near the zebras, antelopes and other animals that are gathered in herds to find food. Kori bustards are not migratory birds. They will leave their home ground only when water and food sources become scarce. Kori bustards can survive up to 30 years in the captivity. Kori bustards similarly help other animals. Carmine bee-eaters ride on their back and take full advantage of how the kori bustards stride through the grass. Insects get dislodged from their grassy perches and are quickly picked up by these opportunistic birds. People hunt kori bustards because of their meat. The great Indian bustard is a large ground bird with a height of about one metre, you can find them in India and Pakistan. The Australian bustard, as suggested by its name, you can encounter this bird all across Australia and southern New Guinea. Female lays 1 – 2 eggs in a shallow depression in the ground. Females take care of the eggs and young chicks. Incubation lasts 23 to 24 days. Five weeks after hatching, young birds are ready for independent life.

9.Albatross

Albatrosses are large seabirds which belong to the biological family Diomedeidae. They live in the region of the Southern Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean. Albatross of the biological family Diomedeidae has 22 species. Out of 22 albatross species, 19 are officially endangered. There are four main species of albatross: Great Albatrosses, North Pacific Albatrosses, Mollymawks and Sooty Albatrosses. Great Albatrosses are among the largest of flying birds. Albatrosses are very large and spend much of their life in the air. Albatross can fly as fast as 60 mph. However, because of their long wings do not have strong muscles, they cannot flap while they fly. Wandering albatrosses spend most of their life in flight and can remain in the air without flapping for several hours at a time. Albatrosses have some of the longest ranges of all birds and some individual wandering albatrosses have been known to circumnavigate the Southern Ocean three times in one year. The wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) is also known as the snowy albatross, the white-winged albatross and the goonie. It weighs an average 11.9 kg and is up to 135 cm in length. It has the longest wingspan of any living bird ranging from 2.5 m to 3.5 m and unverified reports put the largest wingspans at 4.22 m and 5.3 m. They can coast for several miles in just a single flap. Albatross sleep in flight. The albatrosses ate and found their food at the surface of the sea. The bill is large, strong and sharp. This bill is made of horny plates. Along the sides are the two “tubes”. They are actually long nostrils.

The tubes of all albatrosses are on the sides of the bill. They help the albatrosses develop their sense of smell a lot. The feet have no last toe and the three other toes are all webbed. Their legs are quite strong, and they can walk well on land. All birds have a large gland at the top part of their bill, above their eyes. Albatrosses use them to help take out saltwater, it makes a liquid that makes the saltwater drip out of their nose. The adult albatrosses usually have a dark upper-wing and back, and white undersides when they are getting ready to take flight. They eat squid, fish and krill. Sometimes, they may also eat carrion and or other kinds of zooplankton. Albatrosses come ashore to make their nests, mostly on islands, and usually near the nests of other birds. They have the longest incubation period of any bird. Albatross lay just one single egg every 2 years. The male and female take turns feeding and guarding their chicks until it is large enough to care for itself. Albatross are known to live well into their sixties, even reaching up to seventy years old. Scientists were baffled to discover a 63 year old bird that was still laying eggs and raising chicks. They can live to be over 60 years old. They spend 80% of their lives at sea.

10.Pelican

Pelican is an amazing bird that can be found in all continents except on the Antarctica. The Pelican family is at least 30 million years old. There are eight species of pelicans. The Dalmatian pelican (Pelecanus crispus) is the largest member of the pelican family and perhaps the largest freshwater bird in the world in length and weight by swans. Dalmatian pelicans are found in lakes, rivers and estuaries in south east Europe, Russia, India and China. They weigh on average 11.5 kg and are 183 cm in length. It has a wingspan similar in size to the great albatrosses and is one of only 4 species of birds having verified wingspans of over 350 cm, the others being the wandering albatross, the southern royal albatross and the great white pelican. The American White Pelican grows a temporary “Horn”. Pelican has the largest bill of all birds. It can reach 18 inches in length. Pelicans technically have nasal openings. However, in all eight species, the nostrils are sealed off, buried under the beak’s horny sheath. Pelicans predominantly breathe through their mouths. Underneath the bill, pelicans have throat pouch that can hold 3 gallons of water.

Pouch is mainly used for feeding. They don’t store food in the Pouch on their Bills. Some males have colorful feathers while others have ability to change the color of the pouch, neck and bill into bright colors during courtship. Pelican is easily recognized by its large body, short legs with webbed feet. Webbed feet are used for swimming and diving. They can fly to the height of 10 000 feet using the warm wind currents. It can eat 4 pounds of fish per day. Main food of Pelicans is fish, they can also eat turtles, crustaceans and tadpoles. Very hungry pelicans will even attack and eat seagulls. While diving for fish, pelicans can end up in fishing nets. Brown Pelicans are on the list of endangered species. Both males and females are in charge of the building of the nests that are usually located on the trees near the water. Nests are built using the feathers, leaves and sticks. Female lays 1 to 3 eggs. Incubation period lasts between 28 and 36 days. Young pelicans eat by scooping the food from the bills of their parents. Pelicans can survive between 10 and 30 years in the wild. Pelicans are very social birds. They live in large colonies composed of several hundreds of birds.

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THE GREAT 10 BEST ANIMATED TV SERIES OF ALL TIME IN THE WORLD

by Sree DivyaMay 7, 2021May 13, 2021UncategorizedLeave a Comment

Animation is the technique of photographing successive drawings or positions of puppets or models to create an illusion of movement when the film is shown as a sequence. An animated tv series is a set of animated works with a common series title, usually related to one another. Series can have either a finite number of episodes like a miniseries, a definite end, or be open-ended, without a predetermined number of episodes. Films are often directed to, or appeal most to children, but easily can be enjoyed by all. The inventor of the viewing device called a praxinoscope (1877), French scientist Charles-Emile Reynaud, became known as the First Motion Picture Cartoonist. The animation industry is uniquely situated to thrive in the remote-working times that we’re living in, and we are sure to see a rise in animated features. A film using animation techniques to photograph a sequence of drawings rather than real people or objects. Animated movies give us the unique gift of whimsical renderings of our wildest dreams. Following is the list of 10 Best Animated TV Series of All Time.

1.Avatar: The Last Airbender

Avatar is fiction film directed, written, produced, and co-edited by James Cameron. It respected its viewer and became one of the few serialized animated children’s dramas ever. Pandora, whose atmosphere is poisonous to humans, is inhabited by the Na’vi. Humans have depleted Earth’s natural resources, leading to a severe energy crisis. The film is set in the year 2154 on Pandora, a fictional Earth-like moon in a distant planetary system. Humans are engaged in mining Pandora’s reserves of a precious mineral known as unobtanium, while the Na’vi — the sapient and sentient race of humanoids indigenous to the moon — resist the colonists’ expansion, which threatens the continued existence of the Na’vi and the Pandoran ecosystem. The film’s title refers to the remotely controlled, genetically engineered human-Na’vi bodies used by the film’s human characters to interact with the indigenous population. This film made extensive use of new motion capture filming techniques, and was released for traditional viewing, 3D viewing, and for “4D” experiences in select South Korean theaters. Avatar premiered in London on December 10, 2009, and was released in the United States.

This film broke several box office records and became the highest-grossing film at the time, as well as in the United States and Canada, surpassing Cameron’s Titanic, which had held those records for twelve years. Avatar remained the highest-grossing film worldwide for nearly a decade. Avatar is the second highest-grossing movie of all time when adjusted for inflation after Gone with the Wind with a total of more than $3 billion. It also became the first film to gross more than $2 billion and the best-selling video title of 2010 in the United States. Avatar was nominated for nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director, and won three, for Best Art Direction, Best Visual Effects, and Best Cinematography. The success of the film also led to electronics manufacturers releasing 3D Televisions and caused 3D films to increase in popularity. Animated Films are ones in which individual drawings, paintings, or illustrations are photographed frame by frame. Usually, each frame differs slightly from the one preceding it, giving the illusion of movement when frames are projected in rapid succession at 24 frames per second.

The Simpsons

The beloved animated series focuses on the eponymous family in the town of Springfield in an unnamed U.S. state. Homer, is a family man. The family includes loving, blue-haired matriarch Marge, troublemaking son Bart, overachieving daughter Lisa and baby Maggie. The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created for the Fox Broadcasting Company. It includes their neighbor, Ned Flanders, family physician Dr. Hibbert, Moe the bartender and police chief Clancy Wiggum. It is been nearly twenty years since the reclusive, mysterious, almost mythical comedy writer John Swartzwelder left “The Simpsons,” and yet, to this day, one of the biggest compliments a “Simpsons” writer can receive is to have a joke referred to as “Swartzweldian.” Meaning: A joke that comes out of nowhere. A joke that no one else could have written. Swartzwelder has been deemed “one of the greatest comedy minds of all time.”

He is famously private and never grants interviews. Swartzwelder wrote and self-published the first of his thirteen novels, all but two of which feature one of the most wonderful creations in printed comedy: Frank Burly, incompetent private eye and occasional time traveller. The show is set of Springfield and parodies American culture and society, television, and the human condition. The sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became Fox’s first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season. A feature-length film, The Simpsons Movie, was released in theaters worldwide on July 27, 2007, and grossed over $527 million, with a sequel in development as of 2018. It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series, including 34 Primetime Emmy Awards, 34 Annie Awards, and 2 Peabody Awards.

BoJack Horseman

Set in Los Angeles in which humans and anthropomorphic animal people coexist, BoJack Horseman is an animated show about one man who peaked early and trying to figure out what to do with his life now. It is an outrageous and dark comedy with melancholy center. The series tells the story of an anthropomorphic horse named BoJack Horseman. BoJack Horseman is the washed-up star of the 1990s sitcom Horsin’ Around, which centered around a young bachelor horse trying to raise three human children who had been orphaned. He has brown fur and black mane with white snippet on his snout that begins at his upper lip and ends. The show is designed by cartoonist Lisa Hanawalt, who has been friends with Bob-Waksberg since high school and had previously worked with him on the webcomic Tip Me Over, Pour Me Out. GQ magazine hailed the show as one of the best of the decade, and IndieWire ranked BoJack Horseman as the greatest animated television series of all time.

It also received three Primetime Emmy Award nominations, including two for Outstanding Animated Program. The series received numerous accolades, including four Critics’ Choice Television Awards for Best Animated Series, three Annie Awards and two Writers Guild of America Awards. Bojack is an adult, male, grade cross horse weighing over 1200 pounds as revealed in the pilot episode by wearing colorful sweaters. By its bittersweet end, “BoJack Horseman” represented the best and most ambitious of this decade in television, taking apart timely issues and its characters’ innermost demons with the kind of consideration that remains all too rare. It told the interweaving stories of five lost souls — BoJack (Will Arnett), Diane (Alison Brie), Princess Carolyn (Amy Sedaris), Mr. Peanutbutter (Paul F. Tompkins) and Todd (Aaron Paul) and the many lives they touched.

Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood

Fullmetal Alchemist is the second anime adaptation developed by Bones based on the Fullmetal Alchemist Manga. It is a Japanese series written and illustrated by Hiromu Arakawa. Set in a fictional universe in which alchemy is a widely practiced science, the series follows the journey of two alchemist brothers, Edward and Alphonse Elric. Fullmetal Alchemist has been adapted into various anime two television series and two films, all animated by Bones as well as light novels. Brotherhood is a faithful adaptation directly following the original events of the Manga. Brothers are raised by their mother Trisha Elric in the remote village of Resembool in the country of Amestris. Trisha died of a lingering illness, they were cared for by their best friend Winry Rockbell and her grandmother Pinako. When the boys returned back to home after alchemic training under Izumi Curtis they decided to try to bring their mother back to life with alchemy. They pay a terrible price for their transgression Edward loses his left leg, Alphonse his physical body. It is only by the desperate sacrifice of Edward’s right arm that he is able to affix Alphonse’s soul to a suit of armor.

Devastated and alone, it is the hope that they would both eventually return to their original bodies that gives Edward the inspiration to obtain metal limbs called “automail” and become a state alchemist, the Fullmetal Alchemist. Three years of searching later, the brothers seek the Philosopher’s Stone, a mythical relic that allows an alchemist to overcome the Law of Equivalent Exchange. Even with military allies Colonel Roy Mustang, Lieutenant Riza Hawkeye, and Lieutenant Colonel Maes Hughes on their side, the brothers find themselves caught up in a nationwide conspiracy that leads them not only to the true nature of the elusive Philosopher’s Stone, but their country’s murky history as well. In between finding a serial killer and racing against time, Edward and Alphonse must ask themselves if what they are doing will make them human again or take away their humanity. The manga has sold over 70 million volumes worldwide, making it one of the best-selling manga series. It received the 49th Shogakukan Manga Award for the shonen category in 2004, the UK’s Eagle Award for favorite manga in 2010 and 2011 and the Seiun Award for best science fiction comic in 2011.

Cowboy Bebop

The anime series Cowboy Bebop is a classic in the genre and often considered one of the best ways to get people into the trend. One of the best things about Cowboy Bebop is its versatility. The show works on two narrative levels and is animated by Sunrise. Watanabe treated each episode of Cowboy Bebop as a short film. A bounty hunter crew traveling in their spaceship called the Bebop. The series often had very adult-themed content in it and may have been a huge game changer in how people saw adult-themed cartoons in general. We love everything about this show from the art style to the stories to the music, almost everything to come out of this show was iconic in its own way. In 2001, Cowboy Bebop became the first anime title to be broadcast on Adult Swim in the United States. Adult Swim has always been exceptionally popular. There’s always the stereotype that anime is just “violent cartoons for kids” the Bebop is a fishing trawler.

Ed may not actually be either a boy or girl. There are a few fans that certainly believed Edward was a boy, but many times we see them being referred to as a girl. Ed’s gender was essentially meaningless. Ed is an orphan. The show was originally sponsored by Bandai’s toy division in hopes that it would sell more spacecraft toys. Watching the episodes as intended results in a meaningful but subdued arc. Cowboy Bebop became a critical and commercial success both in Japanese and international markets (most notably in the United States), garnered several major anime and science fiction awards upon its release, and received unanimous praise for its style, characters, story, voice acting, animation, and soundtrack.

South Park

South Park It is developed by Brian Graden. It is an American animated sitcom created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone. It remains one of the highest ratings comedy show. It revolves around four boys Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, Eric Cartman, and Kenny McCormick. This curious, adventure-seeking, fourth grade group of 10 year old boys all join in buffoonish adventures that sometimes evolve nothing. The boys live in the fictional small town of South Park, located within the real-life South Park basin in the Rocky Mountains of central Colorado. Sometimes something that was simple at the start, turns out to get out of control. Everything is odd in the small mountain town, South Park, and the boys always find something to do with it. Settings on this show involves elementary school, neighbourhoods, shops, businesses along the streets of Colorado.

Events, ranging from the fairly typical to the supernatural and extraordinary, which frequently happen. The boys are also frequently confused by the contradictory and hypocritical behavior of their parents and other adults, and often perceive them as having distorted views on morality and society. South Park resemble recurring characters. In 1997, South Park have debuted with great success, consistently earning the highest ratings of any basic cable program. South Park has received numerous accolades, including five Primetime Emmy Awards, a Peabody Award, and numerous inclusions in various publications. South Park became a commercial and critical success, and garnered a nomination for an Academy Award.

Batman

Bruce adopts the image of a bat to strike fear into the criminals and the corrupt as the icon known as “Batman”. In the name of his murdered parents, Bruce Wayne wages eternal war on the criminals of Gotham City. He is vengeance. Batman, who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics. It is Created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger. Batman is the superhero protector of Gotham City, a tortured, brooding vigilante dressed as a sort of human bat who fights against evil and strikes fear into the hearts of criminals everywhere. In his public identity he is Bruce Wayne, billionaire industrialist and notorious playboy. Although he has no superhuman abilities, he is one of the world’s smartest men and greatest fighters. His physical prowess, technical ingenuity, and tactical thinking make him an incredibly dangerous opponent. He is also a founding member of the Justice League. Nolan returned to direct two further installments through the release of The Dark Knight in 2008 and The Dark Knight Rises in 2012, with Bale reprising his role in both films. Both sequels earned over $1 billion worldwide, making Batman the second film franchise to have two of its films earn more than $1 billion worldwide.

Batman has dedicated his life to an endless crusade, a war on all criminals in the name of his murdered parents, who were taken from him when he was just a child. Since that tragic night, he has trained his body and mind to near physical perfection to be a self-made Super Hero. He’s developed an arsenal of technology that would put most armies to shame. Batman has also appeared in multiple animated films, both as a starring character and as an ensemble character. Having earned an unadjusted total of U.S. $2,783,118,504, the Batman series is the fourth-highest-grossing film series in North America. While investigating the appearance of Parademons, Batman encountered Green Lantern for the first time, and the two teamed up. Believing them to be aliens, the pair sought Superman for answers, and he attacked them, thinking they were a threat, prompting Lantern to call on The Flash for help until Superman was convinced of their good intentions. Joined by Wonder Woman, Aquaman and Cyborg in fighting off the Parademons attack, the team soon learned that Darkseid of Apokolips was behind the invasion. It was Batman who convinced the heroes to work together as a team, and then secretly traveled to Apokolips in search of a kidnapped Superman, whom he then rescued from Darkseid’s torturers. Upon their return to Earth, they forced Darkseid back to his homeworld, and received praise and recognition. Batman insisted that they remain a team in order to maintain public approval.

Archer

Archer created by Adam Reed and is executive produced by Reed, Matt Thompson and Casey Willis at Floyd County Productions. The series is produced by FX Productions. Archer show is an American adult animated sitcom led by Sterling Archer and seven of his colleagues. Archer works with his domineering mother Malory, who also is his boss. He also has to deal with his ex-girlfriend, Agent Lana Kane and her new boyfriend, comptroller Cyril Figgis, as well as Malory’s lovesick secretary, Cheryl. Archer follows eight secret agents and supporting staff of the International Secret Intelligence Service (ISIS), a fictional New York–based intelligence agency. The cable television network Comedy Central previously owned exclusive US broadcast syndication rights for Archer. At an international spy agency, global crises are merely opportunities for its highly trained employees to confuse, undermine, betray and royally screw each other.

At the center of it all is suave master spy Sterling Archer, whose less-than-masculine code name is “Duchess.” History is distinguished by continual reinvention, evolving from the standard setup of a workplace sitcom mocking spy film to an anthology with self-contained mythologies. Archer’s limited animation style draws visually from mid-century comic art. Archer have been broadcast on sibling network FXX. This show features an array of supporting characters, several of whom gained expanded roles in subsequent episodes. Major supporting roles in Archer include Slater, an arms dealer and agent for the CIA. Archer has received positive reviews from critics and won awards, including three Primetime Emmy Awards and four Critics Choice Awards. It has also received 15 Annie Award nominations, among others, for outstanding achievement in animation, writing, direction, and voice acting.

Neon Genesis Evangelion

Neon Genesis Evangelion is a Japanese mecha anime television series animated by Tatsunoko, directed by Hideaki Anno. Neon Genesis Evangelion, commonly referred to as Evangelion, is a Japanese anime series, created by Gainax, that began in October 1995. The anime was written by Hideaki Anno, and co-produced by TV Tokyo and Nihon Ad Systems (NAS). It gained international renown and won several animation awards, and was the start of the Neon Genesis Evangelion series. Evangelion is set fifteen years after a worldwide cataclysm(violent event). The protagonist is Shinji, a teenage boy who was recruited by his father Gendo to the shadowy organization Nerv to pilot a giant bio-machine mecha named “Evangelion” into combat against beings called “Angels”. They are piloted by several of the main characters, including Shinji Ikari, Asuka Sohryu, and Rei Ayanami. While the initial episodes focus largely on religious symbols and specific references to the Bible, the later episodes tend to go deeper into the psyches of the characters, where it is learned that many of them have deep-seated emotional and mental issues.

Much of the series’s content was based on Hideaki Anno’s own clinical depression. It explores emotions of Evangelion pilots and members of Nerv as they try to prevent Angels from causing more cataclysms. The name Shin Seiki Evangerion translates directly as “New Century Evangelion” or “New Era Evangelion”. The term “Evangelion” is in relation to the ancient Greek term for “good messenger” or “good news”. The name was chosen in part for its religious symbolism, as well as for the fact that Hideaki Anno said he liked the word “Evangelion” because it “sound complicated”. Evangelion is extensively beloved and celebrated; its reputation has now preceded its streaming debut for two decades. Other products in the Evangelion franchise have achieved record sales in Japanese markets and strong sales in overseas markets, with related goods selling over ¥150 billion by 2007 and Evangelion pachinko machines selling ¥700 billion by 2015.

Bob’s Burgers

Bob’s Burgers is third generation restaurant. It is an American animated sitcom created by Loren Bouchard for the Fox Broadcasting Company. It concentrates on Belcher family parents Bob and Linda and their children, Tina, Gene, and Louise who run a hamburger restaurant on Ocean Avenue in an unnamed seaside community. Bob’s burgers are really delicious and appear to be better than his rivals’ but his kids aren’t really helpful at selling them, as more customers head over to Jimmy Pesto’s restaurant. As the show has proceeded, viewers and critics alike have come to a conclusion that the unnamed town is actually in southern New Jersey. The restaurant has to compete with several other local eateries for business. His biggest rival is Jimmy Pesto, who owns an Italian restaurant called “Jimmy Pesto’s Pizzeria,” which is located directly across the street and is generally more successful, creating tension between the two owners.

Episodes will sometimes involve a single storyline involving all of the Belchers, or will have two simultaneous stories for different groups of the family. The family members interact with many recurring characters who are also residents of the town. A comic book series based on the show, published by Dynamite Entertainment. TV guide ranked Bob’s Burgers as one of the top 60 Greatest TV Cartoons of All Time. The series has been nominated for several awards, including the Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program seven consecutive times.

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THE GREAT LARGEST 10 AIR FORCES IN THE WORLD

by Sree DivyaMarch 24, 2021March 24, 2021UncategorizedLeave a Comment

Air force is the military branch of the country that conducts aerial warfare, and its functions are different from Army, Navy and marine corps. The important part of any country, Air Force plays an important role in maintaining the security of the country like other forces, but the Air Forces consist of a combination of bombers, helicopters, fighter planes, transport planes, and other aircraft. Moreover, Air forces are majorly responsible for operations of the military space, ICBM Intercontinental ballistic missiles and communications. Every country has their Air Force, which helps them in creating deterrence to other nations, as youngest of all the services Air forces, In its more than 65 years of existence, has become the world’s premier aerospace force. Its mission simply put is to defend the nation through the control and exploitation of air and space. Therefore, here we have the top 10 strongest Air Forces of the world.

1.United States Air Force

United States Air Force founded on 11 September 1947, with the motto No One Comes Close. It operates more than 5,638 aircraft, 450 ICBMs (intercontinental ballistic missile) and 63 satellites. It has a $140 billion budget with 332,854 active duty, 185,522 civilian, 71,400 Air Force Reserve, and 106,700 Air National Guard personnel. United States Air Force is most technologically advanced air forces in the world. Capt. Jonathan Lewenthal and Capt. Eric Scheibe, AV-8B Harrier pilots with Marine Attack Squadron 231, Marine Aircraft Group 14, 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing, fly over southern Helmand province, Afghanistan. The mission of the United States Air Force is to fly, fight and win in air, space and cyberspace. Our rich history and our vision guide our Airmen as we pursue our mission with excellence and integrity to become leaders, innovators and warriors. The USAF is the youngest of the five branches of the United States Armed Forces, it’s also the largest and most technologically advanced in the world. The U.S. Air Force articulates its core missions as air superiority, global integrated intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, rapid global mobility, global strike, and command and control.
The United States Air Force is all about securing the air, space, and cyberspace arenas for America. USAF is the main aerial and space warfare service branch. It globally present with bases that span three continents. Here 219 careers are available. The USAF has taken to the skies to protect the United States of America. The USAF keeps our country safe by watching the world from the skies and space. The USAF has equipment that involves a lot more than airplanes. From flight helmets to oxygen masks to the AGM-130 missiles, the USAF has high-powered, expensive equipment that’s primed and ready for members to use at a moment’s notice. The Air Force through the Department of the Air Force is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force, who reports to the Secretary of Defense and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation. North Dakota was home to so many USAF nuclear weapons that if it seceded from the Union, it would have been the third largest nuclear power in the world. The U.S. and the Soviet Union fought one pitched battle — a dogfight during WWII over the Serbian town of Nis. The Air Force’s official song is titled, fittingly, “The U.S. Air Force,” and includes the familiar line, “Off we go Into the wild blue yonder.” The Air Force’s colors are ultramarine blue and yellow. It means blue for the sky, and yellow for the sun and the excellence required of personnel. Only 4 percent of all Air Force personnel are pilots.
The USAF offers more than just active duty opportunities.
Four different options:
• Air Force Active Duty
• Air National Guard
• Air Force Reserve
• Air Force Civilian Service

Russian Air Force

Russian Air Force Founded after the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991-92. It has 148,000 personnel and 4,163 aircraft. Sukhoi and MiGs are their most popular and successful fighter jets. It has extensive fighting experience fighting in First Chechen War, War of Dagestan, Second Chechen War, Russo-Georgian War and Syrian Civil War. It is essential to combine the Army, Navy, Marine Corp and Air Force under the Secretary of Defense’s authority. On Armed Forces Day military exercises are held at sea, in the air, and on land as a means to honor their members and to show the U.S. civilian population their state-of-the-art equipment. Other countries that celebrate an all-in-one Armed Forces Day include Armenia, Australia and New Zealand, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Burma, Canada, Chile, China, Cuba, Egypt, Finland, France, Georgia, Guatemala, Hungary, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Lebanon, Mali, Malaysia, Mauritania, Mexico, North Korea, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Thailand, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, Venezuela, and Vietnam. By March 1, 1998 the Administration of the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force and the Main Staff of the Air Force were formed on the base of control bodies of the Air Defence Force and the Air Force, and the Air Defence Force and the Air Force were merged into a new Service of the Russian Armed Forces – the Air Force.
The Air Force of the Russian Federation is designed for:
• repulsing aggression in the aerospace sphere and protecting from air attacks the control points of the highest state and military control, administrative-and-political centres, industrial-and-economic areas, the most important economic facilities, the country’s infrastructure and the groups of troops;
• destruction of enemy objects and troops using both conventional and nuclear ordnance;
• providing combat troops of other armies and armed services for air support.
The Air Force includes: the Aviation, Antiaircraft Missile and Radio-Technical Troops, which are the Arms of the Air Force, as well as the Special Forces, the units, subdivisions of military control bodies’ guarding, the medical and other organizations. According to its mission and tasks the Air Force’s Aviation is divided into the long-range, front-line, military transport and army aviation, which in turn can be composed of the bomber, attack, fighter, reconnaissance, transport and special aircraft units. The basis of the Air Force’s combat strength is presented with air bases and brigades of the Aerospace Defence. The US Air Force B-52 bombers flew from Minot Air Force Base in North Dakota to over 30 NATO countries in a single day. While crossing the Black Sea, Russian air force Su-27 fighters tailed the B-52 that rattled the American crew.

Israeli Air Force

The Israeli Air Force “Air and Space Arm”, commonly known as “Air Corps”. It was founded on 28 May 1948. It consists of 34,000 active personnel 55,000 reserve personnel 684 aircraft. The Israelis have had a good air force. The airframes are American designs, but the Israelis have installed their own electronics on the F-15I and F-16I planes that are now the backbone of their military. It has a very large fleet of modern aircrafts – many of which are specially designed to meet the requirements of IAF. It had always remained alert and have been ready for any possible attacks. The Israeli Air Force, “Kheil HaAvir” in Hebrew, is universally recognized to be among the world’s most powerful aerial fighting forces. Since the establishment of the State of Israel, the Air Force has played a major role in securing the country’s numerous military victories. Today, the IAF remains a central pillar of the Israel Defense Forces, deterring terrorist threats and ensuring Israel’s strategic advantage in wartime. The IAF is best known for its distinguished staff of pilots, which ranks among the most elite in the world. During the War of Independence, the IAF intercepted enemy aircraft, supported ground forces, and went on attack sorties in Cairo, Damascus, and Amman.
After the war, most of the foreign volunteers were released, and the IAF, which now relied on Israeli pilots only, began organizing its air bases. In 1956, the IAF performed multiple roles in Operation Kadesh; dropping paratroopers over Sinai, destroying Egyptian communication lines, conducting rescue missions, supporting ground forces, and launching aerial attacks. In the early 2000s, the IAF was heavily involved in various operations in Judea and Samaria and the Gaza Strip, destroying strategic terrorist targets and intelligence missions. During Operation Cast Lead in December 2008, the IAF launched with a broad aerial attack on Hamas infrastructure in the Gaza Strip. Throughout the operation, the IAF provided ongoing support to ground forces, gathered intelligence, evacuated the wounded, and targeted terrorist rocket launch pads. On November 14, 2012, in response to incessant rocket attacks in the Gaza Strip, the IDF launched Operation Pillar of Defense, a widespread campaign against terror targets in Gaza. During the operation, the IAF surgically targeted terror targets throughout the Gaza Strip, resulting in significant damage to Hamas infrastructure. Hamas significantly increased rocket fire on Southern Israel in June 2014. In response, the IDF launched Operation Protective Edge. The IAF carried out numerous air attacks aimed at Hamas arms caches, launch ramps, and terrorist infrastructures.

Indian Air Force

Indian Air Force was officially established on October 8, 1932. The fourth largest air force in the world with 139,576 active personnel 140,000 reserve personnel Approx. 1,748+ aircraft. Military Schools and Sainik Schools were founded to broaden the recruitment base of the Defence Forces. Indian Air Force is one among the most professional and well equipped air force across the world. It first saw action during second world war as a part of British empire, again during Bangladesh Liberation War (1971), provided close air support Kargil war and more recently in Balakot airstrike and the following incident with Pakistan in 2019. It has developed some of their own planes in the past and present. Having the second-best carrier aviation arm doesn’t hurt. An Indian MiG-29K purchased from Russia. The Indian Air Force (IAF) is the air arm of the Indian Armed Forces. Its primary mission is to secure Indian airspace and to conduct aerial warfare during armed conflict. India will celebrate its Air Force Day on October 8. IAF has proved its mettle numerous times and fulfilled its duty of providing aerial security to the hilt. The President of India holds the rank of Supreme Commander of the IAF. The four-star officer with the rank of Air Chief Marshal leads the force. After Independence of India in 1947, Indian Air Force was named Royal Indian Air Force. However, when India turned Republic in 1950, the prefix Royal was removed. IAF’s Hindon Air Force Station, situated near Ghaziabad is the largest in Asia and 8th largest in the world.

The highest Air Force Station is Siachen Glacier AFS situated at a height of 22,000 ft. IAF flag is blue in colour and contains the National Flag in the first quadrant and a roundel of the Tricolour. IAF has one Air Marshal at a time and Padmavathy Bandopadhyay is the first woman Air Marshal of the Indian Air Force. Also, she was the second woman in the Indian armed forces who was promoted to three-star rank. The IAF created a world record by airlifting around 20,000 civilians in ‘Raahat’ mission during floods in Uttarakhand. According to Flight International, there to be around 1,721 aircraft including Su-30MKI, Jaguars, Mirage-2000, Apache and Chinook in service with the Indian Air Force. The Garud Commando Force is renowned for its skills and rescue operations. IAF destroyed more than 29 Pakistani tanks, 40 APCs and a railway train during the Battle of Longewala in the 1971 Indo-Pak War besides a number of critical installations. IAF created a world record by performing the highest landing of a C-130J at the Daulat Beg Oldi airstrip in Ladakh at the height of 16614 feet (5065 meters). India is building the 5th generation Sukhoi PAK FA in collaboration with Russia. The Air Force has over 60 air bases spread all over India. The IAF is the only air force that operates C-17 Globemaster III, C-130J Super Hercules, and Il-76 – the three largest transport aircrafts.

Royal Air Force (Great Britain)

Royal Air Force Founded on 1 April 1918, by the unification of the Royal Naval Air Services and Royal Flying Corps. 32,940 active personnel, 3,200 reserve personnel and 832 operational aircraft, making it the largest air force in the European Union . RAF is the oldest air force of the world and one of the most technologically sophisticated and capable air forces in the world. It Played a significant role in the British Military History in the Second World War. Motto “Through Adversity to the Stars”. Royal Air Force (RAF), youngest of the three British armed services, charged with the air defense of the United Kingdom and the fulfillment of international defense commitments. At the time it was formed, it was the largest air force in the world. It expanded even more during World War II and today is still one of the world’s leading air powers. The British Army was formed as a standing army in 1660. The Gloster Meteor was the first jet fighter used by the RAF. It first flew in March 1943 and was introduced into the war in July 1944, though it saw limited action.
The RAF was instrumental in the Berlin Airlift during the Cold War. Soviet forces in East Berlin and East Germany had the part of the city controlled by the Allies surrounded, hoping to convince the rest of Berlin to surrender. The RAF delivered 1,340 tons of supplies per day until the Soviets relented in October 1949. The RAF had 1,000 of its own planes shot down during the battle while the Germans lost 1,800. The first female jet pilot in the RAF was Flight Lieutenant Jo Salter in 1994, flying a Panavia Tornado. Now it is a common sight for both men and women to take to the skies for Britain. In addition, since the United Kingdom was the main base for operations against the Axis forces and was itself under constant threat of air attack, flying training became virtually impossible there, and great numbers of aircrew pupils were sent to Canada, South Africa, and Southern Rhodesia to receive their training at schools specially established for the purpose. From June 1941 (six months before the United States entered the war) until the end of hostilities, British aircrew were also trained at civilian-operated schools in the United States.

Peoples Liberation Army Air Force (China)

Peoples Liberation Army Air Force founded on November 11, 1949. It has more than 330,000 personnel and 2500+ aircrafts. It has largest air force in Asia, and is better known for comprising some of self-reliant combat aircrafts. After the fall of USSR, Russia became China’s principal arm suppliers. Today, many of the planes are from the “Flanker family,” including home-grown versions like the J-11, J-11B, J-15, and J-16. China also has the indigenous J-10 and JH-7, while also flying two fifth-generation designs. People’s Liberation Army, Unified organization of China’s land, sea, and air forces. Initially called the Red Army. It is composed of 5 branches which are aviation, anti-aircraft artillery, surface-to-air missiles, radar and Airborne Corps. As of 2014, the PLAAF has a strength of around 398,000 personnel and is the largest air force in Asia. After World War II the communist forces, renamed the People’s Liberation Army, defeated the Nationalists, making possible the formation of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. The Air Force reportedly had four branches: air defense, ground attack, bombing, and independent air regiments. The air corps consists of fighter plane units, bomber units, attack plane units, reconnaissance plane units and air transport units. In peacetime the Air Force Directorate, under the supervision of the PLA General Staff Department, controls the Air Force through Air Army headquarters located with, or in communication with, each of the seven military region headquarters. By the end of the 1980’s, the radars used by the Air Force’s radar corps contained over 20 varieties.

As of 1996 there were 600 air defense missile battalions, equipped with HQ-2 air defense missiles; HQ-3 air defense missiles; HQ-61 air defense missiles; HQ-7 air defense missiles; LY-60 air defense missiles; PL-9 air defense missiles; HY-5 shoulder-launched air defense missiles; QW-1 shoulder-launched air defense missiles; and three sets of advanced Russian-made C-300 missiles. Whatever the facts, the appearance of the J-20 was visible evidence China is building an air force Chinese military leaders have indicated is intended to be commensurate with their nation’s emerging status as a world power—and the equal of any other air force on the globe. The People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) must build its strategic capabilities to enter the top tier of airpower nations. It has deployed airborne early warning and control aircraft, third-generation combat aircraft, and other advanced weaponry. “China’s air force is in the midst of a transformation. A decade ago, it was an antiquated service equipped almost exclusively with weapons based on 1950s-era Soviet designs.” “Like the rest of the Chinese armed forces, change in the PLAAF is happening across a wide front, and in myriad endeavors: in operational matters, in institutional affairs, and in the acquisition of new capabilities.

Armee de lAir (France) In the post-World War 2 era, the French made a successful effort to develop the domestic aircraft industry. In 1933, it was made an independent military arm. The Mirage demonstrated its abilities in the Gulf War, becoming one of the most popular jet fighters of its day. It employs a total of 41,160 regular personnel and 5,187 personnel of the operational reserve. It has 225 combat aircraft in service, with the majority being 117 Dassault Mirage 2000 and 108 Dassault Rafale. Its awaiting the A 400M military transport aircraft which is said to be in the developmental stages. The number of aircraft in service with the French Air Force varies depending on source. The French took active interest in developing the air force from 1909 and had the first World War I fighter pilots. During the interwar years, however, particularly in the 1930s, the quality fell after they compared with the Luftwaffe, which crushed the French during the Battle of France. In the post–World War II era, the French made a successful effort to develop a domestic aircraft industry. Dassault Aviation led the way mainly with delta-wing designs, which formed the basis for the Mirage series of jet fighters. The Mirage demonstrated its abilities in the Six-Day War, Yom Kippur War, the Falklands War and the Gulf War, becoming one of the most popular jet fighters of its day, with a high quantity of sales.

The French Air Force participated in several protracted colonial wars in Africa and Indochina after WWII, and continues to employ its air power in Africa. From January 1964, the French political leadership, now prioritising nuclear deterrence, put in train a complete reorganisation of the Air Force, with the creation of four air regions and seven major specialised commands, among which was the Strategic Air Forces Command. In 1985, the Air Force had four major flying commands, the Strategic Air Forces Command, the Tactical Air Forces Command, the Military Air Transport Command, and the Commandement Air des Forces de Defense Aerienne. In 1994 the Commandement des Fusiliers Commandos de l’Air was established. Currently, the French Air Force is expanding and replacing aircraft inventory. The French are awaiting the A400M military transport aircraft, which is still in developmental stages, and the integration of the new Dassault Rafale multi-role jet fighter, whose first squadron of 20 aircraft became operational in 2006 at Saint-Dizier. France has also been a lead nation, alongside the United States, Great Britain and Italy in implementing the UN sponsored no-fly zone in Libya (NATO ‘Odyessy Dawn’, deploying 20 fighter aircraft to Benghazi in defense of rebel held positions and the civilian population.

Luftwaffe (Germany)

Luftwaffe (Germany) was established in 1935, after violating the Treaty of Versailles. In the modern era, the United States Government still lends nuclear weapons to Luftwaffe under the NATO nuclear sharing agreement. It has more than 3,400,000 Personnel & 119,871 aircraft during World War II. 465 Aircraft and 27,620 personnel as on April 2020. Most advanced and most battle-experienced air forces in the world at the time of World War II. In 2005 and 2008, F-4 Phantom fighter planes took part in the Baltic Air Policing operation of NATO. Most of the pilots of Luftwaffe are trained either in United States or in Canada. Hermann Goring was commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe. About 70 people volunteered to be suicide pilots for the force. The Women Who Flew for Hitler author Clare Mulley says letters show Reitsch speaking of von Stauffenberg’s “racial burden” and that the two women absolutely loathed each other. Hanna Reitsch and Melitta von Stauffenberg were both pilots at the top of their game and both had a strong sense of honour and duty. But despite these similarities, the two women didn’t get on and had very different perspectives regarding the Nazi regime. A Luftwaffe detachment supported rebel forces in the Spanish Civil War. Many of Luftwaffe pilots and personnel trained in the Soviet Union.
Originally, the German military high command, for their air warfare forces, decided to use an organizational structure similar to the army and navy, treating the aviation branch as a strategic weapon of war. Initial plans were for long-term growth of the Luftwaffe over a period of five years with the intention of using the Luftwaffe as a strategic force. These plans were changed several times, especially after the June 1936 death of Walter Wever and the succession of Ernst Udet. The focus and role of the Luftwaffe became one of ground support for the German Army during its Lightning War campaigns. The Luftwaffe one of the most powerful air forces in Europe during its initial years. Partly due to its ground support role, the Luftwaffe was reorganized in a fashion similar to the army units, with one unit controlling a specific area. Each Luftwaffe unit was self-contained and had complete control over all aspects of Luftwaffe forces in that area. Unlike the other two forces, air power did not have past experience to draw upon. This resulted in the air force having to learn from experience rather than the classroom.
The Luftwaffe was configured to serve as a crucial part of the German blitzkrieg, or “lightning war”–the deadly military strategy developed by General Heinz Guderian. As German panzer divisions burst deep into enemy territory, lethal Luftwaffe dive-bombers would decimate the enemy’s supply and communication lines and cause panic. By the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, the Luftwaffe had an operational force of 1,000 fighters and 1,050 bombers. First Poland and then Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium, and France fell to the blitzkrieg. After the surrender of France, Germany turned the Luftwaffe against Britain, hoping to destroy the RAF in preparation for a proposed German landing. However, in the epic air battle known as the Battle of Britain, the outnumbered RAF fliers successfully resisted the Luftwaffe, relying on radar technology, their new, highly maneuverable Spitfire aircraft, bravery, and luck. For every British plane shot down, two German warplanes were destroyed. In the face of British resistance, Hitler changed strategy in the Battle of Britain, abandoning his invasion plans and attempting to bomb London into submission. However, in this campaign, the Luftwaffe was hampered by its lack of strategic, long-range bombers, and in early 1941 the Battle of Britain ended in failure. Britain had handed the Luftwaffe its first defeat. Later that year, Hitler ordered an invasion of the USSR, which after initial triumphs turned into an unqualified disaster. As Hitler stubbornly fought to overcome Russia’s bitter resistance, the depleted Luftwaffe steadily lost air superiority over Europe in the face of increasing British and American air attacks. By the time of the D-Day invasion of Normandy in June 1944, the Luftwaffe air fleet was a skeleton of its former self.

Royal Australian Air Force

RAAF was created in March 31, 1921. It has majorly participated in some of the deadliest conflicts of 20th century, including World War 2. It has 13,991 Active personnel, 4,316 Reserve personnel and 309 aircrafts. The motto of RAAF is “Through Struggle to the Stars.” It is credited for immediately implementing the kinetic and non-kinetic air. The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) operates the majority of the ADF’s fixed wing aircraft, although both the Australian Army and Royal Australian Navy also operate aircraft in various roles. The RAAF provides support across a spectrum of operations such as air superiority, precision strikes, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, air mobility, space surveillance, and humanitarian support. On 20 December 2001, the Chief of Air Force formally standardized the Royal Australian Air Force’s public ‘signature’ logo format. The logo is a combination of the Air Force Roundel as the ‘O’, within the customized logo and the text of Air Force in Air Force blue colour.

It is used on a variety of general promotional material, publications and displays. Military aviation was first pioneered during the First World War. During that war, both the armies and the navies of all the major combatants operated aircraft. Late in the war, however, when it was realized that aerial fighting was a distinct form of warfare and not just an adjunct to land or sea operations, some nations formed specialist air forces. Combining the Royal Naval Air Service and the Royal Flying Corps, Great Britain formed the Royal Air Force in 1918. The four squadrons of the Australian Flying Corps (AFC) remained part of the AIF. In 1920, the remnants of the AFC became the Australian Air Corps, which in turn became the Royal Australian Air Force. RAAF personnel, however, can be classified into two broad categories: air crew and ground staff and within these categories are found a variety of occupations, known in the air force as “musterings”.
Aircrew are the personnel who are responsible for the operation of an aircraft and its weapons. They are:
• Pilots who actually fly the aircraft
• Navigators who plan the aircraft’s flight path and then guide the pilot
• Bombardiers/Weapons System Operators who aim and then drop or fire the aircraft’s main weapons
• Air Gunners who operate the weapons used for the aircraft’s self-defence
• Observers who observe and report activity outside the aircraft, usually on the ground or sea
• Radio Operators/Communications Operators who operate the aircraft’s communications equipment
• Loadmasters who ensure the safe and efficient stowage of cargo and passengers aboard the aircraft
• Engineers who monitor the aircraft’s engines and other mechanical systems
• Tactical Systems Operators who operate an aircraft’s electronic equipment, such as radar, sonar buoys, passive defensive systems etc.

10.Japan Air Self-Defense Force

JASDF was established on July 1, 1954. One of the sharpest tool, made for the defense-oriented policy of Japan. After World War 2, Japan did not have a separate air force. It carries out combat air patrols around Japan, while also maintaining an extensive network of ground and air early warning radar systems. In 2005, it had an estimate of 45,000 personnel.
As of 2010, the JASDF operates 805 aircrafts, 424 being fighter aircraft. The Imperial Japanese Army and Navy were dissolved and replaced by the JSDF with the passing of the 1954 Self Defense Forces Law, with the JASDF as the aviation branch. They are stretching the boundaries, the lack of real ground-attack capabilities but they have very good air-to-air capabilities. With four “helicopter destroyers” that are really small carriers, Japan could vault up very quickly. Japan has a long configuration from the north to the south with its population and industrial centers concentrated in particular regions. In order to defend the life and the property of the Japanese people from invading aircraft and missiles under Japan’s geographical characteristics and defense-oriented policy, the Air Self-Defense Force should detect invading aircrafts and missiles as soon as possible and destroy them as far from Japan as possible. So the ASDF should have capability for vigilance and surveillance and for a quick counterattack to fight against invading aircrafts and missiles.
The Flight Support Command is responsible for direct support of operational forces in rescue, transportation, control, weather monitoring, and inspection. The Flying Training Command is responsible for basic flying and technical training. The Air Developing and Proving Command, in addition to overseeing equipment research and development, is also responsible for research and development in such areas as flight medicine. The Air Defense Command has northern, central, and western regional headquarters located at Misawa, Iruma, and Kasuga, respectively, and the Southwestern Composite Air Division based at Naha on Okinawa. All four regional headquarters control surface-to-air missile units of both the ASDF and the GSDF located in their respective areas. The Oct. 29 U.S. approval of Japan’s request for a major upgrade to its F-15J fighter aircraft that will see 98 of the jets equipped with advanced radar and the ability to fire cruise missiles marks a critical step in Japan’s move away from its post-World War II pacifist stance. But in an increasingly complex threat environment including an expanding Chinese military and a declining Japanese aerospace defense industry, Japan will have its work cut out for it when it comes to national defense.

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THE GREAT 10 LEAST SPOKEN LANGUAGES IN THE WORLD

by Sree DivyaFebruary 23, 2021February 23, 2021UncategorizedLeave a Comment

A language is a structured system of communication used by humans consisting of speech and gestures. Approximately 6,500 languages are spoken in the world today. Each and every one of them make the world a diverse and beautiful place, but any language can be encoded into secondary media using auditory, visual, or tactile stimuli for example, in writing, whistling, signing, or braille. According to the United Nations, every two weeks, one language is lost. Language is a necessity for communication but with more languages on the verge of disappearing, something has to be done. About 6,000 languages are bound to be extinct, due to the loss of native speakers, integration of other similar languages and because more people prefer to use the more dominant languages. Everyone’s life is affected by language. Just imagine life without it.

Determining what are the most spoken languages in the world is a more difficult task. A spoken language is a language produced by articulate sounds, as opposed to a written language. The relationship between spoken language and written language is complex. Some tribes around the world live in remote areas and speak rare languages. The speakers of these rare languages learned them when they were children. However, many of their children now have no interest in learning or speaking their native language. It’s a lot harder to learn a language if you have no one to practice with. This is an approximate list of least spoken languages by the total number of speakers. Here are the least spoken 10 languages in the world.

1.Njerep

Njerep falls under the broad classification of one of the Mambiloid languages. Njerep is essentially extinct, with a handful who cannot speak it fully. Njerep has been used mostly for greetings, jokes, songs, and sharing secrets. According to anthropologists, the language doesn’t have a chance of revival. Though word lists and grammatical information have been collected from these people, the information remains fragmented. According to a study in 2007, only four people spoke this language. They are not competent speakers, but they can remember it.

Though the Njerep people currently reside in Somie village, it is widely understood that the Njerep immigrated to that location. Geographically, Somie village is located on the Tikar Plain of Cameroon. Mambila, the largest language in the Mambiloid grouping, has approximately twenty different dialects, loosely divided into East Mambila and West Mambila dialect clusters. We have collected a wordlist of the language, a number of songs and other bits of text which, fragmentary though they are, permit some insights into the structure of the language, its genetic affiliation and its former importance in the region. It gives some insight into the sociological aspect of language contraction.

2.Liki

In the Papua region in Indonesia, there are about 11 people, from an ethnic population of 320, who speak Liki as of 2005. They live in the islands off the coast of Sarmi Kecamatan, Jayapura Kabupaten, and Sarmi. Liki was a very popular language, as the indigenous church officials in the region used it to preach. Liki is also known as Moar. It is of mixed origin, as it is believed to have been developed from the Sarmi, Sarmi-Jayapura Bay, North New Guinea, Western Oceanic, Oceanic, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Malayo-Polynesian, and Austronesian languages.

Ongota

Ongota is one of the Afro-Asiatic languages. Ongota is a language spoken by 12 elders in only one village in southwestern Ethiopia. In a 2012 report, UNESCO stated that only 12 individuals speak the language in one village in southwestern Ethiopia, and it may not disappear because a professor from Addis Ababa University in Ethiopia is studying the language. You can hear it when it is spoken by people who live in a village on the west bank of the “Weyt’o River” in the “Omo” zone of Ethiopia. Also known as Shanqilla, Birelle, Birale and Ifa, Ongota is a language spoken in southwestern Ethiopia.

Chamicuro

Chamicuro is a traditional language in Peru. You might be shocked to learn that only 20 people speak Chamicuro. Chamicuro is known as Chamicura or Chamicolo, and is classified as one of the Arawakan languages. It is recognized as an indigenous American language, and is critically endangered because the children who live there prefer to speak Spanish rather than Chamicuro. Although there is a written dictionary for Chamicuro, the language is unfortunately nearly extinct. No children are able to speak the language because they prefer to use Spanish. But the previous speakers of the language developed a dictionary, so there is a written document for the language. Many of the words include names of animals such as cow (waka), c at (mishi), dog (ma’nali), monkey (katujkana), duck (pato), chicken (polyo) and horse (kawali).

5.Tanema

Tanema is considered a living language. The Tanema language is also called Tetau, Tetawo, or Tanimaof. It is an Oceanic, Central-Eastern, and Malayo-Polynesian language. Tanema used to be spoken in villages in Emua, in the province of Temotu, and on the island of Vanikolo, all located in the Solomon Islands. Although the ethnic population of the Solomon Islands is about 150 persons, and there is only one surviving speaker, whose name is “Lainol Nalo”. In fact, it is already nearly extinct. It is found in the South Pacific. Tanema has been overtaken by Teanu and Pijin (Pisin), two languages that are increasingly becoming popular in the area. Some of the verbs include la munana that means,”to lie down,” la vamora meaning, ”to work,” laro, which means, ”to swim” ad wekini, which means, ”to turn.”

Taushiro

Taushiro is also called Pinchi or Pinche. It is by all accounts the least used language in the world. There is only one person in the world who speaks Taushiro as of 2002 in the Loreto region and around the Tigre River, and the Ahuaruna River tributary, the Aucayacu River in Peru in Peru, which is where s/he lives. She is still alive. It is important to know that while the ethnic population of Taushiro is just 20 people, about 150 people belong to an ethnic group whose native language was Tanema as of 2007. Because it is an isolated language, it does not seem that it will be revived at all. Former speakers of the language count only up to 10 while using their fingers. In Taushiro, the numeral 1 is washikanto. For numbers over 10, the native speakers would say ashintu and point to a specific toe to denote the particular number. It is nearing extinction, because it is a language isolate.

Sarsi

Sarsi or Sarcee is classified as an Athabaskan language and is spoken by the Tsuu T’ina tribe located in Calgary, Canada. Only 170 people speak the language In the 2011 census. Sarsi language is related to the Navajo language, which is spoken by the tribe in the southern part of the United States. In fact, it is purely an oral language as there is no evidence that it has a writing system are there are no written records of the language. Mostly, the elders speak the Sarcee language but the younger generation has embraced big efforts to learn it.

Pawnee

Pawnee language is spoken around Nebraska and north-central Oklahoma. It is a Native American-Indian dialect. Although there are still 10 people who are native speakers of Pawnee, all of them are elderly and their children prefer to speak English as their mother tongue. Also, only the Elders and Chiefs of the Pawnee tribe speak the language fluently. The dialect has nine consonants and eight vowels. It’s remarkable that each Pawnee word has 10 syllables. The pronunciation of the consonants is similar to English. The vowels on the other hand are more similar to French in pronunciation, with long sounds. Speakers raise or lower the tone to impart different meanings.

9.S’aoch

S’aoch is an endangered, nearly extinct Pearic language of Cambodia. Only 10 fluent speakers out of 110 people are left in a village located on Cambodia’s seashore who speak S’aoch. The S’aoch stable culture was wiped out by the Khmer Rouge in the 1970s. They snatched their land, locked S’aoch people up in labor camps, and banned them from speaking their own language. According to Sa’och oral history, they prospered along the coast protected by their fortified settlement of Banteay Prey. However, in the 1830s, during the Siamese-Vietnamese War for Cambodia, the Thai army defeated the Sa’och and took many prisoners of war back to Thailand where they were forced to resettle in Kanchanaburi Province along the Thai-Burmese border. This resulted in two disparate communities of Sa’och speakers separated by some 800 km.

Dumi

Dumi is a language spoken in Nepal, around the Rava and Tap rivers and in the Khotang District. Dumi is the world’s least spoken language and one of the rarest. All current data states that there are only seven remaining speakers of the language. Dumi language has written records that are available to people who are interested to learn it, as a dictionary, and several books that show the grammar and syntax of the Dumi language. Its alternate names are Sotmali, Ro’do Bo’, Lsi Rai, Hopupo Bro, Dumi Bro and Dumi Bo’o. It belongs to the Kiranti branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family.

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LARGEST 10 GREAT ECONOMIES IN THE WORLD AND THE SOURCES OF ECONOMY

by Sree DivyaOctober 21, 2020October 21, 2020UncategorizedLeave a Comment

Economy means the state of a country or region in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services and the supply of money. Economies determine how resources are distributed among members of a society, they determine the value of goods or services. The political and legal structure of a society will govern how wealth can be accumulated, how wealth and resources are distributed, and the manner of competition permitted between different participants in the economy. There are three big economic systems in use by modern governments: capitalism, socialism, and communism. We wanted to understand how the top 10 largest economies in the world measured by GDP(Gross Domestic Product). We took historical GDP figures from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 2020.

1.United States

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The U.S. has retained its position of being the world’s largest economy since 1871. economy of the United States is that of a highly developed country with a mixed economy. It is the world’s largest economy by nominal GDP and net wealth. U.S. Nominal GDP: $21.44 trillion – U.S. GDP (PPP): $21.44 trillion.
The size of the U.S. economy was at $20.58 trillion in 2018 in nominal terms and is expected to reach $22.32 trillion in 2020. The U.S. is often dubbed as an economic superpower and that’s because the economy constitutes almost a quarter of the global economy, backed by advanced infrastructure, technology, and an abundance of natural resources.
When the economies are assessed in terms of purchasing power parity, the U.S. loses its top spot to its close competitor China. In 2019, the U.S. economy, in terms of GDP (PPP), was at $21.44 trillion, while the Chinese economy was measured at $27.31 trillion. United States has the most technologically powerful economy in the world and its firms are at or near the forefront in technological advances, especially in computers, pharmaceuticals, and medical, aerospace, and military equipment. The largest U.S. trading partners are China, Canada, Mexico, Japan, Germany, South Korea, United Kingdom, France, India, and Taiwan. The nation’s economy is fueled by abundant natural resources, a well-developed infrastructure, and high productivity. It is the world’s largest producer of petroleum and natural gas. U.S. not only has the largest internal market for goods, but also dominates the trade in services.

2.China

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China Nominal GDP: $14.14 trillion – China GDP (PPP): $27.31 trillion
China has experienced exponential growth over the past few decades, breaking the barriers of a centrally-planned closed economy to evolve into a manufacturing and exporting hub of the world. China is often referred to as the “world’s factory,” given its huge manufacturing and export base. However, over the years, the role of services has gradually increased and that of manufacturing as a contributor to GDP has declined relatively. The IMF projects a growth of 5.8% in 2020. China has experienced exponential growth over the past few decades. It is a manufacturing and exporting hub of the world. China is often referred to as the “world’s factory,” given its huge manufacturing and export base. However, over the years, the role of services has gradually increased and that of manufacturing as a contributor to GDP has declined relatively.

3.India ($12.36 T )

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The economy of India is characterised as a developing market economy. India was the world’s fastest growing major economy and Historically it is the largest economy in the world. The long-term growth perspective of the Indian economy remains positive due to its young population and corresponding low dependency ratio, healthy savings and investment rates, and is increasing integration into the global economy. Apart from private consumption, India’s GDP is also fueled by government spending, investment, and exports. India has one of the world’s highest number of billionaires and extreme income inequality.
According to World Bank, to achieve sustainable economic development India must focus on public sector reform, infrastructure, agricultural and rural development, removal of land and labour regulations, financial inclusion, spur private investment and exports, education and public health. India’s ten largest trading partners were USA, China, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Hong Kong, Iraq, Singapore, Germany, South Korea and Switzerland. India ranks second globally in food and agricultural production. India’s telecommunication industry is the world’s second largest by number of mobile phone, smartphone, and internet users. It is the world’s tenth-largest oil producer and the third-largest oil consumer.

Japan ( $5.89T )

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The economy of Japan is a highly developed free-market economy. With this low growth rate, the national debt of Japan has expanded due to its considerable social welfare spending in an aging society with a shrinking tax-base. The scenario of “Abandoned homes” continues to spread from rural areas to urban areas in Japan.
A mountainous, volcanic island country, Japan has inadequate natural resources to support its growing economy and large population, and therefore exports goods in which it has a comparative advantage such as engineering-oriented, research and development-led industrial products in exchange for the import of raw materials and petroleum. The nation’s large and varied forest resources, which covered 70 percent of the country. Japan is among the top-three importers for agricultural products in the world in total volume for covering of its own domestic agricultural consumption. The nation, therefore, built up the manufacturing and processing industries to convert raw materials imported from abroad.
Japan is the world’s largest single national importer of fish and fishery products. This strategy of economic development necessitated the establishment of a strong economic infrastructure to provide the needed energy, transportation, communications, and technology. Tokyo Metropolitan Central Wholesale Market is the largest wholesale market for primary products in Japan. Although many kinds of minerals were extracted throughout the country, most mineral resources had to be imported in the postwar era. Iron ore, copper, bauxite, and alumina must be imported, as well as many forest products. Local deposits of metal-bearing ores were difficult to process because they were low grade. Deposits of gold, magnesium, and silver meet current industrial demands, but Japan is dependent on foreign sources for many of the minerals essential to modern industry. Japan lags behind other developed countries in labor productivity. Early European visitors were amazed by the quality of Japanese craftsmanship and metalsmithing. This stems from the fact that Japan itself is rather rich in natural resources found commonly in Europe, especially iron.

Germany ( $4.59T )

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It has the largest national economy in Europe. The economy of Germany is a highly developed social market economy. The top 10 exports of Germany are vehicles, machinery, chemical goods, electronic products, electrical equipment, pharmaceuticals, transport equipment, basic metals, food products, and rubber and plastics. The economy of Germany is the largest manufacturing economy in Europe and it is less likely to be affected by the financial downturn and conduct applied research with practical industrial value and sees itself as a bridge between the latest university insights and industry-specific product and process improvements, and by generating a great deal of knowledge in its own laboratories as well. Germany is rich in timber, lignite, potash and salt. Some minor sources of natural gas are being exploited in the state of Lower Saxony. Until reunification, the German Democratic Republic mined for uranium in the Ore Mountains.
Energy in Germany is sourced predominantly by fossil fuels (30%), followed by wind second, then nuclear power, gas, solar, biomass and hydro. Germany is the first major industrialized nation to commit to the renewable energy transition called Energiewende. Germany is the leading producer of wind turbines in the world. Germany is the world’s top location for trade fairs. Around two thirds of the world’s leading trade fairs take place in Germany. Over time, other German states joined the customs union and started linking their railroads, which began to connect the corners of Germany together. The growth of free trade and of a rail system across Germany intensified economic development which opened up new markets for local products, created a pool of middle managers, increased the demand for engineers, architects and skilled machinists, and stimulated investments in coal and iron.

Russia ( $4.52T )

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The economy of Russia is an upper-middle income mixed and transition economy. Russia contains over 30 percent of the world’s natural resources. Russia relies on energy revenues to drive most of its growth. Russia has an abundance of oil, natural gas and precious metals, which make up a major share of Russia’s exports. Russia is considered an “energy superpower”. It has the world’s largest proven natural gas reserves and is the largest exporter of natural gas. Russia has a large and sophisticated arms industry, capable of designing and manufacturing high-tech military equipment, including a fifth-generation fighter jet, nuclear powered submarines, firearms, and short range/long range ballistic missiles. Top military exports from Russia include combat aircraft, air defence systems, ships and submarines. the wealth held offshore by rich Russians is about three times larger than official net foreign reserves, and is comparable in magnitude to total household financial assets held in Russia.
Russia had undergone a radical transformation, moving from a centrally planned economy to a globally integrated market economy. Especially in the production of oil, gas, and electricity and in the chemical industries—there was a marked diversification in industrial output, including a limited expansion in consumer goods. Major components of the reforms included establishing privately owned industrial and commercial ventures and privatizing state-owned enterprises. To encourage privatization, the government issued vouchers to Russian citizens that enabled them to purchase of shares in privatized firms, though in practice these vouchers frequently were sold for cash and were accumulated by entrepreneurs. A commodity- and stock-exchange system also was established. For business growth, taxes on medium and small enterprises were moderated, and the government began to offer incentives for reinvesting profits into the domestic economy. By the early 21st century, the measures had begun to have a positive effect on the Russian economy, which showed signs of recovery and stable growth. Steady earnings from oil exports permitted investments in factories, and the devalued currency made Russian goods more competitive on the international market.

Indonesia ( $4.01T )

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Indonesia is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It has charted impressive economic growth since overcoming the Asian financial crisis of the late 1990s. The world’s 10th largest economy in terms of purchasing power parity, and a member of the G-20. Furthermore, Indonesia has made enormous gains in poverty reduction, cutting the poverty rate by more than half since 1999, to 9.78% in 2020. It aims to further strengthen Indonesia’s economy by improving the country’s human capital and competitiveness in the global market. The Indonesian economy has been climbing steadily higher. Indonesia is the world’s largest island country .
Indonesia is composed of some 17,500 islands, of which more than 7,000 are uninhabited. It is the 14th-largest country by land area, at 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 square miles). The country’s capital, Jakarta, is the second-most populous urban area in the world. In the early 21st century Indonesia was the fourth most populous in the world. The name Indonesia derives from Greek Indos and the word nesos, meaning “Indian islands”. The economy of Indonesia is the largest in Southeast Asia and is one of the emerging market economies of the world. As an upper-middle income country and member of the G20, Indonesia is classified as a newly industrialised country.

Brazil ( $3.60T )

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Brazil is one of the world giants of mining, agriculture, and manufacturing, and it has a strong and rapidly growing service sector. The country was heavily dependent on one or two major agricultural products, whose prices fluctuated widely on international markets. The Brazilian government in the 20th century attempted to diversify the country’s production and reduce its dependency on agricultural exports by strongly encouraging manufacturing. The government initiated several key industries, including a modern shipbuilding program, a petrochemical sector led by the huge Petrobras company, a burgeoning microelectronics and personal computer industry, and aircraft manufacturing by the Embraer corporation, including commercial jetliners, aviation and surveillance equipment, and aircraft for the Brazilian air force. It established a motor vehicle industry in the 1950s to replace U.S. and German imports and assembly plants. The government privatized dozens of financial institutions, manufacturers, and mining companies in the 1990s, including several major steel producers and the Rio Doce Valley Company.
The CVRD, Brazil’s giant mining and shipping conglomerate, was apportioned into separate mining and shipping units. The government also sold a minority of its Petrobras shares to private investors and partially opened the petroleum industry to competition. At the beginning of the 21st century, serious problems marked the Brazilian economy, aggravated by political uncertainties. Inflation, financial instability, and unemployment (or underemployment) remained constant threats, and political and financial scandals periodically erupted throughout the country. Brazil still has one of the world’s most lopsided distributions of wealth. It is a leading producer of a host of minerals, including iron ore, tin, bauxite (the ore of aluminum), manganese, gold, quartz, and diamonds and other gems, and it exports vast quantities of steel, automobiles, electronics, and consumer goods. Brazil is the world’s primary source of coffee, oranges, and cassava (manioc) and a major producer of sugar, soy, and beef.

UK ( $3.24T )

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The economy of the United Kingdom is a highly developed social market and market-orientated economy. In 2019, the UK was the fifth-largest exporter in the world and the fifth-largest goods importer. It also had the second-largest inward foreign direct investment, and the third-largest outward foreign direct investment. UK is one of the most globalised economies, and it is composed of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The service sector dominates, contributing around 80% of GDP, the financial services industry is particularly important, and London is the second-largest financial centre in the world. The currency of the UK is the pound sterling, which is the world’s fourth-largest reserve currency. The economy of the United Kingdom has slowly been climbing the ranks of the mostly free for the past decade. Although some economic disruptions are likely, the U.K. will also have new opportunities to expand economic freedom, especially by reducing the tax burden and government spending and pursuing new trade agreements with the United States and other countries.
UK economic output shrank by 20.4% in the second quarter of 2020, the worst quarterly slump on record, pushing the country into the deepest recession of any major global economy. Britain already faces a tough 2021 as the country battles the twin shocks of coronavirus and Brexit. But failing to secure an agreement with the United Kingdom’s biggest export market would amplify the pain. With a limited trade agreement, the UK economy is due to bounce back with growth of 4.6% in 2021 before losing some momentum between 2022 and 2024, according to IFS and Citi projections. Failing to reach a trade deal with Europe would shave as much as one percentage point off that level of growth.

10.France ($3.16T )

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The economy of France is highly developed and free-market-oriented. France is one of the major economic powers of the world, ranking along with such countries as the United States, Japan, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom. It included the large industrial companies such as Renault. France is also the most visited destination in the world, as well the European Union’s leading agricultural power. France IS the largest Foreign Direct Investment recipient in Europe in 2020. Paris is a leading global city and it has one of the largest city GPD in the world. Paris has been ranked as the 2nd most attractive global city in the world in 2019 by KPMG. 31 companies that are part of the world’s biggest 500 companies are existing here. It is the world’s fourth largest private oil company.
Another indicator of improved living standards is the growth of ownership of various household and consumer goods, particularly such items as automobiles and computers. Here indirect taxation in the form of a value-added tax (VAT) is relatively high. The top individual income tax rate is 45 percent, and the top corporate tax rate is 31 percent. Other taxes include a value-added tax. The overall tax burden equals 46.2 percent of total domestic income. The overall managerial environment is bolstered by France’s modern business culture, mature financial markets, skilled entrepreneurs, and well-protected intellectual property rights. The total value of exports and imports of goods and services equals 63.4 percent of GDP. State ownership is primarily concentrated in transport, defense, and broadcasting.

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