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THE 10 GREAT LONGEST BRIDGES IN THE WORLD

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A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle, such as a body of water, valley, or road, without closing the way underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, usually something that is otherwise difficult or impossible to cross. There are many different designs that each serve a particular purpose and apply to different situations. Ancient people would also have used log bridges; that is a timber bridge that fall naturally or are intentionally felled or placed across streams. Some of the first man-made bridges with significant span were probably intentionally felled trees. Among the oldest timber bridges is the Holzbrucke Rapperswil-Hurden crossing upper Lake Zurich in Switzerland; the prehistoric timber piles discovered to the west of the Seedamm date back to 1523 BC. On April 6, 2001, the reconstructed wooden footbridge was opened, being the longest wooden bridge in Switzerland.

The Romans built arch bridges and aqueducts that could stand in conditions that would damage or destroy earlier designs. Some stand today. An example is the Alcantara Bridge, built over the river Tagus, in Spain. In India, the Arthashastra treatise by Kautilya mentions the construction of dams and bridges. A Mauryan bridge near Girnar was surveyed by James Princep. The use of stronger bridges using plaited bamboo and iron chain was visible in India by about the 4th century. Rope Bridges a simple type of suspension bridge, were used by the Inca civilization in the Andes mountains of South America, just prior to European colonization in the 16th century. A major breakthrough in bridge technology came with the erection of the Iron Bridge in Shropshire, England in 1779. It used cast iron for the first time as arches to cross the river Severn. Humans have built some astonishing bridges around the world. Longest Bridges are more than 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) in length sorted by their full length above land and water. The main span is the longest span without any ground support. Here is a list of the world’s longest 10 bridges in the world.

1.Danyang–Kunshan Grand Bridge(China)

Danyang–Kunshan Grand Bridge is a 164.8-kilometre-long (102.4 mi) viaduct on the Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway and it was completed its construction in 2010. As of June 2011, Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge in China held the Guinness World Record for being the world’s longest bridge. This bridge can bear the direct impact from naval vessels weighing 300,000 tons or less. It is the world’s longest bridge. Being a mega dream project, it was expected to bring a boom in China’s communication infrastructure. China gave a boost to its industrial capabilities from early 2000 by planning to construct several long bridges. With the construction of Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge, China easily overcame its massive public and industrial transportation system. This bridge plays a pivotal role to connect the country’s prominent industrial hubs. Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge connects China with the Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway. The railway that the bridge connects spans 818 mi (1317 km), and is an engineering feat of its own.

The Construction of the Danyang–Kunshan Grand Bridge lasted four years and resources costing $8.5 billion. Linking popular metropolitan cities of China, namely Shanghai and Nanjing in the Jiangsu Province, this overpass bridge is the lifeline of the nation. In operation since June, 2011, Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge runs parallel to China’s renowned Yangtze River for approximately 8 to 80 kilometers in the southern side of the river. This bridge touches many populated areas, namely Danyang, Changzhou, Wuxi, Suzhou, and Kunshan, among others. A robust team of 10,000 men, including core laborers, engineers and rest professionals, worked dedicatedly to ensure that its construction of the longest bridge in Asia could complete in the stipulated time frame. This bridge has been constructed in a way that it is capable to bear natural disasters like typhoons and at least 8 magnitude earthquakes this bridge from the ground is 100 feet. The capital city of China’s Jiangsu Province, Nanjing is a popular urban area that remains connected to Shanghai on the other side through the world’s largest bridge Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge. This East Chinese city is located on the famous Yangtze River Delta region, Nanjing. This area is known for rich traditions and cultural vibrancy.

2.Changhua–Kaohsiung Viaduct Bridge(Taiwan)

Changhua-Kaohsiung Viaduct is the world’s second longest bridge. This bridge is 157.317 km (516,132 ft) or 97.8 miles in length and it was completed in 2007. The railway is built across a vast series of viaducts, as they were designed to be earthquake resistant to allow for trains to stop safely during a seismic event and for repairable damage following a maximum design earthquake. Bridges built over known fault lines were designed to survive fault movements without catastrophic damage. The bridge goes from Baguashan in Changhua County to Zuoying in Kaohsiung. THSR Changhua, Yunlin, Chiayi, Tainan stations are built along this viaduct. Changhua–Kaohsiung Viaduct Bridge Completed its construction in 2007. Over 200 million passengers had been carried over it by December 2012. The bridge acts as a viaduct for part of the railway line of the Taiwan High Speed Rail network.

3.Tianjin Grand Bridge(China)

Tianjin Grand Bridge is one of the longest bridges in the world with a total length of about 113.700km, or 70.6 miles. It is one of the high-speed trains that dart from Beijing to Shanghai is like taking a trip through the thousand faces of China. The route also includes the entrance to a tunnel over 6 km (3.7 miles) long that connects two artificial islands. A few kilometers from Tianjin’s skyscrapers, European-style buildings and the upscale residential area of Wudadao (the city’s Five Great Boulevards), a viaduct soars over the city for 113 kilometres (70 miles). Tianjin Grand Bridge is very complex project. This city of 15 million inhabitants is known for the vitality of its port. Tianjin home to an incredible infrastructure. Its massive span races the high-speed railway line between Beijing and Shanghai, one of the busiest and most profitable sustainable mobility routes in the country.

Much of the viaduct runs through the densely populated urban area surrounding the metropolis. The idea of running the high-speed train along an elevated viaduct was a smart solution: every kilometre of railway built on the ground would have required 28.4 hectares (70 acres) of earthworks, and therefore would have had a devastating environmental impact on the urban area. The viaduct was designed in 32 sections, each weighing 860 tons. Work on the project began in 2006 and was completed in 2010, with the inauguration on June 30, 2011. In order to achieve all this, the government made the huge investment of around $20 billion, made possible by China’s development policies. The latitude of Tianjin Grand Bridge, Hebei, Tianjin, China is 39.056084, and the longitude is 117.054947.

4.Cangde Grand Bridge(China)

Cangde Grand Bridge is the world’s fourth longest bridge. It was finished in 2010. The length of Cangde Grand Bridge is 105.810 km. The bridge is a part of the Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway and is the third longest bridge on the railway in 2010. The bridge has been designed with a view to withstanding earthquakes. The total length of the Cangde super-large bridge is 105.81 km (65.75 mi) and it has a total of 3092 piers. Like the Beijing Grand Bridge, this one also carries a high-speed railway connecting Beijing and Shanghai. Its length is 380,210 feet. This bridge is to provide with the structural stability it needs to stay intact despite any tectonic shifting and destructive forces. The Cangde Grand Bridge also crosses the Wei River and several other, smaller rivers.

5.Weinan Weihe Grand Bridge(China)

The Weinan Weihe Grand Bridge is a part of the Zhengzhou–Xian High-Speed Railway which connects Zhengzhou and Xi’an, in China. This bridge series is also in China and is also a viaduct for high speed rail. The length of this bridge is 79.732-kilometer (49.543 mi). Weinan Weihe Grand Bridge crosses the Wei River twice, as well as many other rivers, such as the Ling river, Luofu river, Xi river, Shi Di river and many more, highways and railways. Upon its completion, it was the longest bridge in the world, but surpassed by two new bridges on Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway that completed in 2010.

During construction of the Weinan Weihe Grand Bridge, there were at least 10,000 workers 2,300,000 cubic meters of concrete and 45,000 tons of steel. The bridge was completed in 2008. It seems like these days although this is not a bridge with a highway it is still a bridge and the 5th longest in the world currently with a length of approximately 80 kilometers. This bridge was once the longest bridge in the world but not for long, as the other two new bridges on Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway that completed in 2010.

  1. The Bang Na Expressway (Thailand)

Bang Na Expressway in Bangkok, Thailand, is not only the longest bridge in the world, but also represents the largest precasting operation ever carried out. This is a wonderful bridge construction, one of the longest bridges in the world. The construction of the main road started in 1995 and lasted for five years. Officially, the bridge was opened in February 2000. The bridge length is 54 kilometers, and the width is 27.2 meters. There are three lanes in each direction. The Bang Na Expressway was designed by the late Louis Berger. The impressive sum, more than 1 billion US dollars was invested in the construction of this wonderful bridge. It took 1,800,000 cubic meters of concrete to build the bridge. The bridge was completed in January 2000. Traffic congestion has been one of Bangkok’s main problems for several years. To solve this problem, Bang Na Magistrate was built. Although traffic on the bridge is chargeable, Bang Na remains very demanding for the drivers since opening.

The variant on the bridge instead of the strenuous traffic jam, also attracts the numerous tourists. From the main road, the wonderful panoramas open onto the city. The bridge was built over the busy 34 motorway, which is considered one of the city’s traffic-congested and difficult streets. The leading engineers and architects from Thailand and the USA, whose number was also Gin M.Mullers, have participated in the development of the bridge project. The bridge construction has demanded more than 1.8 million cubic meters of concrete, which ensures the high reliability and resilience of the bridge. It provides an important link in the transportation system around Bangkok and is expected to play a major role in the commercial development of Southeast Thailand. The world’s longest car bridge, the Bang Na Expressway, held the title of the world’s longest bridge from 2000 until 2008. The title of ”world’s longest bridge” is an honorific that has been proudly held by several structures throughout history.

  1. Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Causeway(Kuwait)

The Sheikh Jaber Al Ahmad Al Sabah causeway project includes two causeway paths over the Kuwait Bay. The Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Causeway is a mega bridge project with an estimated construction value of approximately US$3 billion. Kuwait Ministry of Public Works (MPW) involved the construction of a 36km road to Subiyah and a 13km connection to Doha. Construction commenced in November 2013 and the causeway was officially inaugurated in May 2019. The causeway project reduces the distance between Kuwait City and Subiyah in the northern part of Kuwait, as well as decreases the travelling time from 90 minutes to less than 30 minutes. The main causeway or the Subiyah connection is 36km-long, 27km of which is a marine bridge connection. A signature element of the causeway is a main cable-stayed bridge featuring a 200m span and an arc pylon.

Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Causeway also includes an elevated road and 5km of access roads connecting to the Subiyah area. A free-flowing interchange at the port links to Kuwait City’s road network. The project also included the construction of two 30ha artificial islands, which feature traffic and emergency service buildings, maintenance facilities, a gas station and a boat dock. The islands include a 23m-high navigation causeway and a 120m navigation opening for passing ships. It is one of the largest and most challenging transport infrastructure projects in Kuwait, as well as the entire Middle East region. The government is also developing a new residential area, named as the Silk City, in Subiyah for 500,000 inhabitants. The city is being developed to renew the ancient Silk Road trade route between China and Kuwait.

  1. Beijing Grand Bridge(China)

Beijing Grand Bridge is a 48.153 kilometres long railway viaduct on the Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway, located in Beijing. Longest span of this Beijing Grand Bridge is 44 m (144 ft). It was completed in 2010 and opened in 30 Juna, 2011. It is one of the longest bridges in the world. The Beijing Grand Bridge links the two cities to provide arguably the most valuable transit connection in China in just around five hours. The bullet train that utilizes the Beijing Grand Bridge travels at speeds between 155mph and 185mph and offers different options for passengers. The Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway is also known as the Jinghu high-speed railway. More than $8.5 billion US dollars was invested in the construction of this wonderful bridge.

  1. Lake Pontchartrain Causeway(United States)

The Lake Pontchartrain Causeway, sometimes only the causeway, is a fixed link composed of two parallel bridges crossing Lake Pontchartrain in southern Louisiana, United States. The longer of the two bridges is 38.35 km (23.83 miles) long. The southern terminus of the causeway is in Metairie, Louisiana, a suburb of New Orleans. The northern terminus is at Mandeville, Louisiana. Lake Pontchartrain Causeway became the longest bridge over water (continuous) while Jiaozhou Bay Bridge the longest bridge over water (aggregate). The bridges are supported by 9,500 concrete pilings. The two bridges span the navigation channel 8 miles (13 km) south of the north shore. In 1969, Louisiana’s lake Pontchartrain Causeway was officially recognized by Guinness World Records as the longest bridge over water in the world.

Heading east or west around the lake was a time-consuming process, so plans were made to create a direct connection across the center of the lake to its northern shore. In 1955, the Louisiana Bridge Company was created to undertake the construction project. It took just 14 months to build the first two-lane span of the causeway, which opened in 1956. The Lake Pontchartrain Causeway was officially recognized as the longest bridge over water in the world, a record it held unchallenged until 2011.The second bridge was opened in 1969, separated from the original by about 84 feet. The second span was only about 50 feet longer than the original, but it was enough to finally catch the attention of the Guinness Book of World Records.

  1. Line 1 of Wuhan Metro Bridge(China)

The first metro line in Wuhan, the capital of the Hubei province of China, became operational in September 2004. Wuhan is located at the meeting point of two rivers, Han and Yangtze, and the main purpose of constructing the metro is to ease traffic congestion on the bridges across the Yangtze River. Operational since December 2012, line 2 of the metro is partly underground, whereas line 1 is completely elevated. The high-speed light rail project is managed by Wuhan Metro Group, and aims to provide a fast, safe, energy-saving and dependable mode of transport. Wuhan Metro will have eight lines in total.

Line 1 is 29km-long and covers 25 stations, carrying more than 220,000 passengers on 33 trains. The first phase of the line was opened in 2004, while phase II entered commercial service in July 2010. The phase III expansion, extending the north-east terminus to Hankou North Station, entered commercial service in May 2014. The first phase of Wuhan Metro line 2 is 27.73km-long with 21 stations, linking the Hankou and Wuchang Districts. The dual-track, fully electrified line carries up to 800,000 passengers. The Line 1 of Wuhan Metro is the longest continuous metro viaduct in the world. Line 1 opened on 28 July 2004, making Wuhan the fifth city in mainland China to have a metro system after Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Guangzhou. This is the first Metro line in China incorrectly referred to as a light rail line in Chinese terminology. Length of this bridge is 37.788 km.

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GREAT 10 LONGEST RIVERS IN THE WORLD

by Sree DivyaUncategorizedLeave a Comment on GREAT 10 LONGEST RIVERS IN THE WORLD

Rivers come from the rain, and travels all the way to the ocean thanks to the natural, most phenomenal vessels our planet has to offer. They come in all sorts of shapes, sizes, and colors, they attract life and entertain our eyes, because of their timeless beauty. Without water, life would have neither been created, nor would it be sustained.
1.Nile River

Nile River is also called as father of African rivers. The Nile’s water resources are shared by eleven countries: Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Congo-Kinshasa, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Sudan, and Egypt. It rises south of the Equator and flows northward through northeastern Africa to drain into the Mediterranean Sea. It has a length of about 6,650 kilometres and drains an area estimated at 1,293,000 3,349,000 square kilometres. Today, the river continues to serve as a source of irrigation, as well as an important transportation and trade route. For millennia, much of Egypt’s food has been cultivated in the Nile delta region.
The Nile River delta was also an ideal growing location for the papyrus plant. Ancient Egyptians used the papyrus plant in many ways, such as making cloth, boxes, and rope, but by far its most important use was in making paper. The Nile supports agriculture and fishing.
The Nile has two major tributaries: the longer White Nile, considered the prime stream and headwaters; and the Blue Nile. It carries about two-thirds of the river’s water volume and most of the silt.
The White Nile begins at Lake Victoria, Africa’s largest lake, which touches the countries of Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania.
2.Amazon River

The Amazon forests or ”the lungs” of the Earth. It is one of the most beautiful regions of the planet. It is one of the greatest rivers with a length of 6575 kilometers and it is still the equivalent of the distance from New York City to Rome. Its westernmost source is high in the Andes Mountains, within 100 miles (160 km) of the Pacific Ocean, and its mouth is in the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeastern coast of Brazil. It passes by South American countries which includes Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador. Moreover, the widest point the Amazon River can reach is about 11 kilometers. The vast Amazon basin has an area of about 7 million square km.
Two-thirds of the Amazon’s main stream and by far the largest portion of its basin are within Brazil. It is estimated that about one-fifth of all the water that runs off Earth’s surface is carried by the Amazon. Amazon represents over half of the planet’s remaining rainforests, and it comprises the largest and most species-rich tract of tropical rainforest in the world. The diversity of plant species is the highest on Earth. One in ten known species in the world lives in the Amazon Rainforest. If we want to save our planet, we have to preserve the rainforest. The Amazon is home to over 40,000 species of flowering plants and, according to some studies, hosts some 400 billion trees of over 16,000 species. Vertebrates are represented by more than 2200 species of birds, 2500 species of fish, 430 species of mammals, 428 species of amphibians and 378 species of reptiles.
Fires in the Amazon are a fact every year. This year, however, the problem huge. Destroying ”the lungs” of the planet would be devastating to all of humanity. Forests in the Brazilian jungle provide at least 20% of the fresh oxygen in the atmosphere, environmentalists recall.
3.Yangtze River

Yangtze River is the longest river in both China and Asia and it drains an area of 1,808,500 square km. third longest river in the world with a length of 6,300 kilometres. More than three-fourths of the river’s course runs through mountains. its basin is China’s great granary and contains nearly one-third of the national population. The upper Yangtze reaches roar down canyons and valleys from the Tibetan Plateau to Sichuan Province. Ships can’t navigate there. Lijiang is the hub for the main Upper Reaches attractions.
At Lijiang, you can see the Yangtze in one of the world’s deepest canyons, the spectacular Tiger Leaping Gorge, one of China’s best hiking areas. While there, see the UNESCO recognized Naxi minority towns. The river basin of the Yangtze houses one-third of the population of the most populated country in the world i.e., China. Traditionally, the government of China recognizes the Tuotuo tributary located in the Tanggula Mountains as the source of the river. According to new data, however, the source of the Yangtze River is located in the Jari Hill from where the headwaters of the Dam Qu tributary originate. These tributaries, and more join to form the mighty Yangtze River which finally drains into the East China Sea at Shanghai.
It mainly runs across Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Sichuan, Yunnan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, and Shanghai from west to east. Yangtze has been an important part of China’s cultural origins and civilization, contributing to the establishment of irrigations systems and water transportation system.
4.Jefferson-Mississippi-Missouri River System

The Jefferson-Mississippi-Missouri River system is the fourth largest river system in the world and serves transportation, industry, and recreation as the most important inland waterway in North America. Its drainage basin collects water from 41% of the contiguous United States, covering a total area of more than 3,224,535 square kilometers and touching 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces in all. The Mississippi River eventually splits up in to a number of different channels, called distributaries, emptying into the Gulf of Mexico at various points and forming a delta, a triangular shaped alluvial plain composed of silt. It is the second-longest river in North America.
One of the most diverse communities of plants and wildlife in the world exist along the Mississippi. It has one of the largest wetlands in the U.S., visited by 40 percent of all the ducks, geese and swans of North America. A habitat for many plants and animals that are not found elsewhere in the world, such as the paddlefish, it is also a roadmap guiding millions of migratory birds and waterfowl to and from their wintering grounds every year. Countless other wildlife use the river and its floodplain as habitat. More than three hundred species of fish are supported by the Mississippi. Sometimes referred to as “The Big Muddy. Its triangular drainage area covers about 40 percent of the U.S. and includes all or part of 31 states
The Jefferson-Mississippi-Missouri River System begins in Montana at the Red Rocks River and ends at the Red River with the Mississippi River, at the north of Marksville, Louisiana. The river system, with a total length of 6,352 kilometers, serves for transportation, industry, and recreation. In the past, Native Americans were among the first to make use of the river system, routinely canoeing, hunting, and drawing water from its far reaches. Today, it is used primarily for industrial transportation, carrying agricultural and manufactured goods, iron, steel, and mine products from one end of the country to the other.
5.Yenisei or Angara

The Yenisei is a river in Siberia and it belongs to the greatest river system that flows into the Arctic Ocean. The Yenisei is the fifth-longest river in the world. It is a little shorter than the Mississippi River, but with 1.5 times the flow. It comes from Mongolia and follows a northern course to the Kara Sea. The river drains a large part of central Siberia. The longest stream following the Yenisei-Angara-Selenga-Ider is about 5539 km long. Its watershed, which includes the world’s largest (by volume) lake, Lake Baikal, holds more water than any other river system. It runs from south to north.
Krasnoyarsk and many neighboring villages are situated on the Yenisei River, one of the largest river systems in the world, which provides power, transportation, food, sport and more to more than a million residents. Throughout the year, Naymushin covers many subjects in the region, with a significant portion taking place on or near the Yenisei River. A major and important feature of the upper part of the Yenisei River Basin is Lake Baikal, considered the deepest and oldest lake in the world, and a major centre of plant and animal endemism.
The Yenisei River is often divided into three sections: the upper Yenisei, from the headwaters to the Tuba River confluence; the middle Yenisei from this confluence to the confluence with the Angara River; and the lower Yenisei from the Angara confluence to its discharge into the Arctic Ocean. Lake Baikal lies in the upper to middle reaches, with the Selenge River inflowing from its Mongolian headwaters and the outflow becoming the Angara River.
6.Yellow River or Huang He River

The name “Yellow River” comes from the huge amounts of “yellow” loess sediment it carries when flowing through the Loess Plateau. It is the world’s major river with the most excessive siltation. It is the river system in the world at the estimated length of 5,464 km (3,395 mi) Originating in the Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai province of Western China. It flows through nine provinces, and it empties into the Bohai Sea near the city of Dongying in Shandong province. The Yellow River basin has an east–west extent of about 1,900 kilometers and a north–south extent of about . Its total drainage area is about 795,000 square kilometers. The Yellow River or Huang He is the second-longest river in China. The Yellow River is often called “the cradle of Chinese civilization”. The Yellow River or Huang He is the “mother river of China”. Its basin was the center of Chinese politics, economy and culture for over 2,000 years. The Yellow River is the most important water resource for the dry north of China, playing an irreplaceable role in economic development, and agriculture. Since 1960 over 14 dams have been constructed on the river for hydroelectric power, which is vital to northern China’s infrastructure

7.Ob-Irtyish River

The Ob and The Irtyish rivers together form one of the largest river Basins in the world. The Ob basin stretches across Semi-desert areas, grassland, coniferous forests, and plains. The name Irtysh means White River. The Irtysh springs from melting glaciers in the Altai mountains, a mountain range that form a natural border between western Mongolia and Xinjiang, China. The Ob also begins in the Altai range. The river flows into the Gulf of Ob which is an immense bay on the northern coast of the Russian Federation. It’s also used for irrigation of crops, used to supply millions of homes with drinking water, creates hydroelectric power and is a brilliant source of fish. Fifty different species of fish are found in the Ob alone. The 5,568-kilometer-long river system is used for transporting goods, supplying homes with drinking water. It is
one of the world’s strangest and most wonderful landform features—the curvaceous and mesmerizing braided river valley of Russia’s Ob River. Especially interested in the area where the river’s floodplain was wide and the river meandered freely. I knew this was where the river flow would be slow and there would be a buildup of sediment in the river valley. Like other braided rivers, side channels and temporary islands would be created and re-created as the water flowed largely unobstructed across the extensive, flat landscape. The Ob and Irtysh Rivers both have their headwaters in the highlands of the Altai Mountains, on the borders of Mongolia, where peaks reach heights of 13,200 ft (4,000 m) or more. The two rivers start on different sides of this range, however, and do not meet up until both rivers have crossed most of the flat Siberian plains. Irtysh River is With a length of 2,640 miles (4,248 km), it is one of the continent’s longest rivers.

8.Rio de la Plata-Parana River

Rio de la plata,English River Plate, a tapering intrusion of the Atlantic Ocean on the east coast of South America between Uruguay to the north and Argentina to the south. The total area drained is about 3.2 million square kilometres, or about one-fifth of the surface of the continent. Parana meaning is “Father of the Waters” in the Guarani language. Its numerous waterfalls such as the Marimbondo Falls, with a height of 72 feet makes it of little use for navigation. The Paranaba, which also has numerous waterfalls, is formed by many affluents, the northernmost headstream being the Sao Bartolomeu River, which rises just to the east of Brasilia
After the Amazon River, South America has Parana River rising on the plateau of southeast-central Brazil and flowing generally south until it joins the Uruguay River to form the extensive Rio de Plata estuary of the Atlantic Ocean. The river’s drainage basin includes the greater part of southeastern Brazil, Paraguay, southeastern Bolivia, and northern Argentina. Parana River, with a length of 4,880 kilometers, has been used for fishing and for the transport of agricultural products, manufactured goods, and petroleum products.
9.Congo-Chambeshi

Congo-Chambeshi River gets the spotlight when you talk about the deepest river in the world, but it still enters the “longest rivers” list with its length of 4,700 kilometers. According to history, the river served as a source of livelihood in the ancient kingdoms of the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Republic of Congo. When talking about the river’s aquatic life, it possesses the highest known concentrations of endemics. Congo River, formerly Zaire River in west-central Africa. Its course then takes the form of a giant counterclockwise arc, flowing to the northwest, west, and southwest before draining into the Atlantic Ocean at Banana (Banane) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its drainage basin, covering an area of 3,457,000 square km.
This extensive body of water provides food, water, medicine and transport to about 75 million people in the surrounding basin, according to Yale University’s Global Forest Atlas. The Congo River is the world’s deepest recorded river at 720 feet (220 meters) deep in parts. Congo River holds an abundance of valuable resources, from ivory to rubber to timber “It’s this massive freshwater heart of Africa,”
10.Amur-Argun

Its length is 1,007 miles (1,620 km), of which about 600 miles (965 km) form the boundary . Argun River rising in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, on the western slope of the Greater Khingan Range, where it is known as the Hailar River. The Amur-Argun River has a length of 4,444 kilometers. Besides being one of the longest rivers, It holds the title as having the tenth biggest basin area and the third longest undammed river in the world, after the Amazon and the Lena. Amur River starts in Russia and meets Argun River at the Inner Mongolia region of China. The Amur’s most important tributaries include the Zeya, Bureya, and Amgun rivers, which enter on the left bank from Siberia.
The river is divided into three sections: the upper, middle, and lower Amur. The upper Amur begins at the juncture of the Shilka and Argun and ends at the mouth of the Zeya, about 900 km downstream. The middle Amur extends about 970 km from the Zeya east to Khabarovsk. The lower Amur, from Khabarovsk to the mouth, also is about 970 km long.

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